Effect of prenatal stress on expression of glutathione system in neonatal rat brain

Abstract

AIm: Prenatal stress is known to adversely affect the fetal brain development and also neuronal loss. The mechanism(s) associated with prenatal stress induced developmental neurotoxicity remains obscure. Few studies point to the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system which is an important molecular target for this toxicant. Hence the present study investigates the effect of prenatal stress on glutathione system in neonatal rat brain. mATeRIAL and meTHods: Three to four months old pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to restraint stress during early or late gestational period. The offspring were sacrificed on 40th day and their brain homogenate was subjected to antioxidant studies. The serum corticosterone and adrenal ascorbic acid levels were also estimated from offspring. ResuLTs:The prenatal stress has resulted in an increase in the serum corticosterone and reduced adrenal ascorbic acid levels in neonatal pups. Prenatal stress during early or late gestation life showed reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase (GSSG-Rd) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in offspring brain homogenate.CoNCLusIoN: These data suggest that stress during early or late gestation period affect glutathione system in developing neonatal rat brain, which is associated with elevated serum corticosterone and reduced adrenal ascorbic acid levels.KeywoRds: Prenatal stress, Glutathione, Glutathione reductase, Superoxide dismutase, Antioxidant enzymes ÖZ AmAÇ: Prenatal stresin fetal beyin gelişimi ve ayrıca nöron kaybını olumsuz şekilde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Prenatal stres tarafından indüklenen gelişimsel nörotoksisiteyle ilişkili mekanizma(lar) halen bilinmemektedir. Birkaç çalışma bu toksik madde için önemli bir moleküler hedef olan glutatyon (GSH) antioksidan sistemine işaret etmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma neonatal sıçan beyninde prenatal stresin glutatyon sistemi üzerine etkisini incelemektedir. yÖNTem ve GeReÇLeR: Üç ila dört aylık hamile Wistar sıçanları erken veya geç gestasyonel dönemde zaptetme stresine maruz bırakıldı. Yavrular 40. günde sakrifiye edildi ve beyin homojenatları antioksidan çalışmalara tabi tutuldu. Ayrıca yavrularda serum kortikosteron ve adrenal askorbik asit düzeyleri saptandı.BuLGuLAR: Prenatal stres neonatal sıçanlarda artmış serum kortikosteron ve azalmış adrenal askorbik asit düzeylerine neden oldu. Erken veya geç gestasyonda prenatal stres, yavruların beyin homojenatında azalmış glutatyon, glutatyon redüktaz (GSSG-Rd) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktivitesine neden oldu. soNuÇ: Bu veriler erken veya geç gestasyon döneminde stresin gelişen neonatal sıçan beyninde glutatyon sistemini etkilediği ve sonuçta artmış serum kortikosteron ve azalmış adrenal askorbik asit düzeyleriyle ilişkili olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

Resveratrol improves postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis and brain derived neurotrophic factor in prenatally stressed rats

“…As per our earlier study, resveratrol has a direct effect on fetal brain during gestation by protecting the antioxidant defense in growing brain (Sahu et al, 2012). Hence we believe that resveratrol crossed the placental barrier and exerted a direct effect on growing brain in rat pups.…”

“…A number of studies suggest that prenatal stress is associated with alterations in the offspring HPA axis activity. In our previous study we confirmed that prenatal stress is associated with higher basal glucocorticoid (GC) secretion in the off spring (Sahu et al, 2012). A large body of evidence has been gathered, demonstrating that elevated levels of glucocorticoids, affects both hippocampal structure and function (McEwen, 2008), as the hippocampus is densely populated with receptors for GC hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult neurogenesis, leads to cognitive impairments and depressive illness.…”

Status of the brain antioxidant system at different growing periods after prenatal stress and N -acetyl cysteine administration

“…It has previously been shown that oxidative damage produced by prenatal restrain stress resulted in neuronal loss in rat offspring [22C]. Exposure to early as well as late gestational stress brought about brain oxidative damage where decline in SOD, GSH and GSSG-Rd activities [23,39], increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in total antioxidant capacity were observed [22]. An increase in the content of reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus of prenatally stressed rat offspring was reported by Li et al [20].…”

Evaluation of Modulatory Effect of Combination of Spondias Pinnata and Whey Preparation on Intestinal Antioxidants and Inflammatory Markers in Etoposide Induced Rat Model for Mucositis

“…An elevation in MPO activity was observed after etoposide treatment, which indicates the acculamation of neutrophils that might contribute to etoposide induced small intestinal damage. 36 The levels of MPO in current study is significantly increased in rats that received etoposide alone when compared to normal control may be due to increased levels of free radicals generated during the development of mucositis. There was significant decrease in the level of MPO in the rats which received etoposide followed by Spondias pinnata, whey preparation and the combination.…”