Effect of phytic acid and calcium on the intestinal absorption of cadmium in vitro

Turecki, T.; Ewan, R. C.; Stahr, H. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00197241

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This may be explained by cereal-and soybased diets being rich in dietary ®bre and phytic acid, which probably bind Cd thus reducing intestinal binding and retention and decreasing bioavailability (Lind et al 1998;Turecki et al 1994). Bioavailability of 109 Cd from soy formula tended to be lower than from cows' milk formula.…”

Section: Fig 4a±ementioning

confidence: 84%

Bioavailability of cadmium from infant diets in newborn rats

Eklund

Grawé

Oskarsson

2001

Archives of Toxicology

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Infants are exposed to higher levels of cadmium (Cd) from infant and follow-on formulas than from breast milk. We studied the bioavailability of 109CdCl2 from cows' milk formula, soy formula, wheat/oat/milk formula, wholemeal/milk formula and water in 11-day-old rat pups. The pups received a single oral dose of one diet labelled with 109Cd, 0.1 or 0.3 mg Cd/kg body weight. After 2 or 24 h or 4, 9 or 12 days the fractional retention of 109Cd in the whole body, in segments of rinsed small intestine and in tissue was measured in a gamma counter. Pups receiving 109Cd in water or cows' milk formula had the highest mean whole-body retention. It ranged from 67% of the dose in the water group to 52% in the wholemeal/milk formula group 4 days after dosing. The retention of 109Cd in the rinsed small intestine was significantly higher in the water group and the cows' milk formula group than in the cereal-based formula groups at 24 h and 4 days after dosing. It was still high in all groups on day 9, ranging from 26 to 11%. Initially most of the 109Cd was retained in the duodenum but by day 4 it had moved further down into the jejunum. In the liver, the highest and lowest retention on day 4 was 16%, and 3 per thousand of the dose in the water group and wholemeal/milk formula group, respectively. In the kidney, 109Cd was still increasing 12 days after exposure in all groups. Whole-body retention and tissue levels were higher than previously reported in adult animals. The lower bioavailability of 109Cd from the cereal-based formulas compared to water and cows milk formula on the longer survival times is most likely explained by Cd binding to dietary fibre and phytic acid in the cereal-based formulas reducing the intestinal binding and decreasing the bioavailability of Cd. The high retention of 109Cd in the small intestine, leading to a prolonged absorption period, emphasizes the importance of extending studies on neonatal Cd absorption over a long time period in order to detect for example, endpoints, accumulation of Cd in the kidney.

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Section: Fig 4a±ementioning

confidence: 84%

Bioavailability of cadmium from infant diets in newborn rats

Eklund

Grawé

Oskarsson

2001

Archives of Toxicology

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“…The wheat-bran diet had significantly higher levels of phytates than the other diets in their study, and they concluded that the decreased fractional absorption of Cd from the wheat-bran diet was due to the formation of insoluble cadmium-phytate complexes. Turecki et al (34) conducted an in vitro study using male rat intestines and showed that the absorption of Cd was significantly lowered in the presence of phytic acid. The calcium-phytate complex has a strong affinity for both Pb and Cd (35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Method To Estimate Relative Bioavailable Cadmium in Contaminated Soil

Schroder¹,

Basta²,

Si³

et al. 2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The capacity of an in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG) method to predict relative bioavailable Cd from soil ingestion was evaluated. Bioaccessible Cd determined by the IVG method was compared with relative bioavailable Cd measured from dosing trials using juvenile swine for 10 soils contaminated with Cd from 23.8 to 465 mg kg -1 . The effect of the food-dosing vehicle (i.e., dough) in the IVG method was evaluated. Bioaccessible Cd was measured in the gastric extraction and intestinal extraction steps of the IVG method. Means for bioaccessible Cd, in parentheses, fell in the following order: gastric extraction step without dough (63.0%) > intestinal extraction step without dough (39.1%) > gastric extraction step with dough (38.2%) > intestinal extraction step with dough (12.9%). It is possible that phytic acid associated with the addition of dough decreased bioaccessible Cd. In vivo relative bioavailable Cd ranged from 10.4 to 116% with a mean of 63.4%. Linear relationships between the IVG gastric extraction step without dough (r ) 0.86), the IVG intestinal extraction step with dough (r ) 0.80), and the in vivo relative bioavailable Cd were found. Inexpensive in vitro methods might be useful in estimating the relative biovailability of Cd in soils from contaminated sites.

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“…In the carrot diet, on the other hand, IP5 and IP6 were present at very low levels and the sugar-beet-fibre and CdCl 2 diets contained no detectable IP5 and IP6. An in vitro study on the effect of phytic acid on the absorption of Cd across the intestinal walls of rats showed that both the Cd absorption and retention of Cd in the mucosa was significantly lowered in the presence of phytic acid (Turecki et al 1994). It has also been shown that the inhibitory influence of IP3-IP6 on the uptake and absorption of Fe and Zn in the human intestinal cell line model (Caco-2) was proportional to the phosphorylation of inositol (Han et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of cadmium from wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre, carrots and cadmium chloride in the liver and kidneys of mice

et al. 1998

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The gastrointestinal absorption and organ distribution of Cd after exposure for 9 weeks to three fibre-rich foodstuffs (wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre and carrots) were determined in mice. Groups of eight mice were given a diet containing 0·05 mg Cd/kg from wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre, carrots or CdCl 2 mixed in a semi-synthetic, low-Cd (<0·007 mg/kg) feed. A control group was fed on the low-Cd semi-synthetic feed. The water consumption, food consumption and the weight of the animals were monitored throughout the study. The feed was changed once weekly and Cd was analysed in the feed at each change. myo-Inositol phosphates (hexa-, penta-, tetra-and tri-) and Zn, Cu, Fe and Ca were also analysed in the diets. After 9 weeks, the mice were killed and liver and kidneys were sampled and analysed for Cd. The group receiving the wheat-bran diet had significantly lower fractional Cd accumulation (% total Cd intake) in the liver and kidneys than the other groups, indicating a lower fractional absorption of Cd. The wheat-bran diet had markedly higher levels of inositol hexa-and pentaphosphates (phytates) and a Zn level that was twice as high as those in the other diets. The higher levels of myo-inositol hexa-and pentaphosphates in the wheat-bran diet most probably contributed more to the lower fractional absorption of Cd than the elevated Zn level, due to the formation of insoluble Cd-phytate complexes. Compared with the wheat-bran diet, the sugar-beet-fibre and carrot diets contained very low levels of myo-inositol penta-and hexaphosphates, and consequently the fractional Cd absorption from these diets was higher.

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Effect of phytic acid and calcium on the intestinal absorption of cadmium in vitro

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Bioavailability of cadmium from infant diets in newborn rats

Bioavailability of cadmium from infant diets in newborn rats

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Method To Estimate Relative Bioavailable Cadmium in Contaminated Soil

Accumulation of cadmium from wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre, carrots and cadmium chloride in the liver and kidneys of mice

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