Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on oxidative stress markers of gastrocnemius muscle of diabetic rats subjected to high-intensity exercise

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in diabetic rats subjected to high-intensity exercise interferes with the expression of the oxidative stress marker in the gastrocnemius muscle. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were included in this study comprising 16 diabetic and eight control rats. The animals were allocated into three groups-control, diabetic fatigue, and diabetic PBMT fatigue groups. Diabetes was induced via the intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). We subsequently assessed blood lactate levels and PBMT. The animals of the diabetic fatigue group PBMT were irradiated before the beginning of the exercises, with dose of 4 J and 808 nm, were submitted to treadmill running with speed and gradual slope until exhaustion, as observed by the maximum volume of oxygen and lactate level. The animals were euthanized and muscle tissue was removed for analysis of SOD markers, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) reactive substances. CAT, SOD, and GPx activities were significantly higher in the diabetic PBMT fatigue group (p< 0.05) than in the diabetic fatigue group. Outcomes for the diabetic PBMT fatigue group were similar to those of the control group (p > 0.05), while their antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher than those of the diabetic fatigue group. PBMT mitigated the TBARS concentration (p > 0.05). PBMT may reduce oxidative stress and be an alternative method of maintaining physical fitness when subjects are unable to perform exercise. However, this finding requires further testing in clinical studies.

A Study of the Effect of Muscular Exercise With Cinnamon Extract and/or Flaxseeds Extract on Diabetic Adult Male Albino Rats

“…These results were in agreement with Hassanpour et al (2017) who considered exercise a corner stone in diabetes management, increase insulin sensitivity and decrease food consumption by encouraging antioxidant property. However, the results were not in agreement with Frigero et al (2017) who considered antioxidant property of exercise not sufficient alone to control food consumption.…”

Post-resistance exercise photobiomodulation therapy has a more effective antioxidant effect than pre-application on muscle oxidative stress

“…Likewise, for practical purposes of strength and conditioning, it is important to determine whether the use of pre-or post-RE PBMt has a similar impact on oxidative stress. Prior or posterior PBMt application have been studied in humans and animals related to the muscular and oxidative damage generated by an aerobic exercise [47,48], endurance [49] and strength training [50] and fatigue protocol [51,52]. However, there is little information from studies that determined the repercussion of PBMt application, before versus after an only maximum load RE session, in the muscle oxidative stress.…”

Photobiomodulation and Sports: Results of a Narrative Review

“…Experimental animal research (Table 3) supports the beneficial effects of PBM applied before and after exercise in physical activity, through improved performance in endurance training [78,79], decreased level of proinflammatory cytokines [80][81][82][83][84], positive effects on aerobic metabolism [85,86], oxidative stress [86][87][88] and increased ATP [89,90]. Histopathological examination performed after PBM showed that it can protect myonecrosis, reduce pro-inflammatory cell infiltration, muscle destruction, inflammation and can help accelerate tissue repair [91][92][93].…”