Effect of pentoxifylline on vascular endothelial growth factor C and flk-1 expression on endometrial implants in the rat endometriosis model

Vlahos, Nikolaos; Gregoriou, O.; Deliveliotou, Aikaterini; Περρέα, Δέσποινα; Vlachos, Athanasios; Zhao, Yulian; Lai, Joseph H. C.; Creatsas, George

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.056

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with our previous studies with MCT-induced PH in rats and hypoxia-induced PH in mice, 10,11 and previous clinical studies of patients with PAH. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that inhibition of Rho-kinase abolished VSMC hypercontraction of pulmonary arteries from IPAH patients. This finding also is consistent with our previous clinical study that found acute inhibition of Rho-kinase improves pulmonary hemodynamics in PAH patients.…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Vsmc Hypercontraction Of Pulmonamentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The intensity of the specific immuno-positive pulmonary arterioles, smaller than 200 μm in diameter, was categorized visually into 3 levels (negative, slightly positive, and positive) by 2 independent well-trained persons in a blinded manner. 23,24 Organ Chamber Experiments Endothelial and VSMC functions of the pulmonary arteries were examined in 4 patients with IPAH and 4 controls. Because of the limited availability of blood vessels, these examinations were not performed in 1 patient with IPAH and 1 control.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evidence for Rho-Kinase Activation in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Do.e

Fukumoto

Takaki

et al. 2009

Circ J

140

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Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Vsmc Hypercontraction Of Pulmonamentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Rho-Kinase Activation in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Do.e

Fukumoto

Takaki

et al. 2009

Circ J

140

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“…Furthermore, it induces the expression of metalloproteases that favours the invasion and the angiogenesis through regulation of IL-8 expression, and it performs cytotoxic action on gametes (with a possible role in infertility) [82]. It has been demonstrated that pentoxifylline may cause suppression of endometriotic lesions by suppressing angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) C and flk-1 expression [83]. Furthermore, periovulatory treatment with pentoxifylline abrogates the adverse influence of endometrial explants on fertilization in a rodent model for endometriosis [84].…”

Section: Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Treatments for Endometriosis-Associated Pelvic Pain

Zito

Luppi

Giolo

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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The main sequelae of endometriosis are represented by infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Chronic pelvic pain causes disability and distress with a very high economic impact. In the last decades, an impressive amount of pharmacological agents have been tested for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. However, only a few of these have been introduced into clinical practice. Following the results of the controlled studies available, to date, the first-line treatment for endometriosis associated pain is still represented by oral contraceptives used continuously. Progestins represent an acceptable alternative. In women with rectovaginal lesions or colorectal endometriosis, norethisterone acetate at low dosage should be preferred. GnRH analogues may be used as second-line treatment, but significant side effects should be taken into account. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used, but there is inconclusive evidence for their efficacy in relieving endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Other agents such as GnRH antagonist, aromatase inhibitors, immunomodulators, selective progesterone receptor modulators, and histone deacetylase inhibitors seem to be very promising, but there is not enough evidence to support their introduction into routine clinical practice. Some other agents, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-γ ligands, antiangiogenic agents, and melatonin have been proven to be efficacious in animal studies, but they have not yet been tested in clinical studies.

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“…Through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase in monocytes and macrophages, the drug suppresses cytokine production, mainly TNF-a in macrophages. Thus, it also has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (128,129). Based on the same indirect anti-TNF-a mechanism, this drug has been considered for the treatment of endometriosis.…”

Section: Pentoxifyllinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rat model, implants of endometrial tissue in different locations (subcutaneous tissue, peritoneal surface, and ovarian area) were used to test the effect of pentoxifylline on lesions (128,129). Statistically significant reductions in the weight, volume, and number of lesions were documented (128,129). Other findings probably associated with TNF-a inhibition were reduced total white blood cells with increased lymphocyte count in serum, and reduced VEGF-C expression.…”

Section: Pentoxifyllinementioning

confidence: 99%