Effect of monovalent cations on the kinetics of renneted milk coagulation

Characterization of the milk-clotting properties of extracts from artichoke (Cynara scolymus, L.) flowers

“…The addition of NaCl to milk promotes the dissociation of calcium and phosphate from within casein micelles and into solution (Gatti & Pires, 1995;Gaucheron, Le Graet, & Briard, 2000). Besides its effect on the colloidal state of milk, NaCl also affects the action of the coagulant For (c) the assays were performed adding 1 mL of crude extract at different concentrations to 10 mL of reconstituted milk.…”

Effect of sodium chloride and pH on the rennet coagulation and gel firmness

“…Besides its effect on the colloidal state of milk, NaCl also affects the action of the coagulant. Adding salt to milk or casein systems promotes dissociation of calcium and phosphate from within casein micelles and into solution (Casiraghi & Lucisano, 1991;Gatti & Pires, 1995;Gaucheron et al, 2000). Reducing the CCP content of milk while maintaining a high pH value and a constant Ca 2+ activity (so removing CCP cross-links at a constant pH) reduces the rennet coagulability of milk (Shalabi & Fox, 1982;Udabage, McKinnon, & Augustin, 2001).…”

“…Solubilization of calcium during cheese-making occurs as a function of NaCl added or pH reduction (Creamer, 1985;Gatti & Pires, 1995;Gaucheron, Le Graet, & Briard, 2000;Lucey, Johnson, & Horne, 2003;Metzger, Barbano, Kindstedt, & Guo, 2001); as a result, the colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP) dissociates from the casein micelle, leaving calcium and phosphate at the terminals of casein. The decrease in calcium binding to casein is attributed to a decrease in hydrophobic binding sites of submicelles, which results in weakening of the extent of binding strength between submicelles (Kimura, Sagara, Fukushima, & Taneya, 1992;Lucey et al, 2003).…”

A study on bovine kappa-casein aggregation after the enzymatic action of chymosin

“…However, the second step can be practically isolated by working with enzyme excess in order to complete the -CN proteolysis as soon as possible at the beginning of the process. Under these conditions, the p--CN aggregation appears as the rate-limiting step of the process [15,38].…”