Effect of Migration, Temperature, and Precipitation on Thrips Infestations in South Texas1

Harding, James A.

doi:10.1093/jee/54.1.77

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Localized patterns of resistance have been observed in the onion growing regions of New York lending evidence to the idea of a more closed system. Harding (1961) also studied the effect of migration on T. tabaci populations and observed minimal movements of thrips to onion crops and attributed damage to within-Þeld movements and reproduction, rather than to migration.…”

Section: Seasonal Patterns Of T Tabaci On Hosts In the Onion Croppinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Diaz-Montano

Fuchs

Nault³

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

163

132

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During the past two decades, onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become a global pest of increasing concern in commercial onion (Allium cepa L.), because of its development of resistance to insecticides, ability to transmit plant pathogens, and frequency of producing more generations at high temperatures. T. tabaci feeds directly on leaves, causing blotches and premature senescence as well as distorted and undersized bulbs. T. tabaci can cause yield loss Ͼ50% but can be even more problematic when it transmits Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV was identiÞed in 1981 in Brazil and has spread to many important onion-producing regions of the world, including several U.S. states. IYSV symptoms include straw-colored, dry, tan, spindle-or diamond-shaped lesions on the leaves and scapes of onion plants and can cause yield loss up to 100%. Here, we review the biology and ecology of T. tabaci and discuss current management strategies based on chemical, biological, and cultural control as well as host resistance. Future directions for research in integrated pest management are examined and discussed.RESUMEN En las ultimas dos dé cadas, el trips de la cebolla, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), se ha convertido en una plaga mundial de alto interé s en cebolla, Allium cepa L., debido a su desarrollo de resistencia a insecticidas, capacidad para transmitir pató genos en plantas, y producció n de mayor numero de generaciones a altas temperaturas. T. tabaci se alimenta directamente sobre las hojas causando manchas, senescencia prematura, asṍ como bulbos pequeñ os y desformados. T. tabaci puede causar perdidas en rendimiento mayores al 50%, pero esta plaga puede ser aun más problemática cuando transmite Iris yellow spot virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, IYSV). IYSV fue identiÞcado en Brasil en 1981 y desde entonces se ha propagado a importantes regiones productoras de cebolla a nivel mundial, incluyendo diferentes estados en los Estados Unidos. Los sṍntomas del IYSV incluye lesiones secas en forma angular o de diamante, de color café claro en las hojas y tallos de la cebolla y puede producir hasta 100% de perdidas en rendimiento. En este articulo nosotros revisamos la biologṍa y ecologṍa de T. tabaci y presentamos los actuales mé todos de manejo basados en control quṍmico, bioló gico y cultural asṍ como el mé todo de resistencia de plantas a insectos. Las direcciones futuras para investigació n en manejo integrado de esta plaga son analizadas. KEY WORDS Thrips tabaci, Allium cepa, Iris yellow spot virus, managementOnion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has been the subject of considerable research and extension publications since it was Þrst described in 1888 (Lindeman 1889). Some aspects of its biology, ecology, and management have been summarized in T. LewisÕ highly regarded 1997 book, Thrips as Crop Pests, but a considerable amount of detail important for its management on onion (Allium cepa L.)...

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Section: Seasonal Patterns Of T Tabaci On Hosts In the Onion Croppinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Global Pest of Increasing Concern in Onion

Diaz-Montano

Fuchs

Nault³

et al. 2011

jnl. econ. entom.

163

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The large number of T. tabaci captured on sticky thought that T. tabaci adults infesting onion fields originated from alfalfa, clover, or other sources, but Harding (1961) reported that concentrated migrations into onion fields did not occur in South Texas. A more detailed study in Iowa by Wolfenbarger & Hibbs (1958) of thrips movement from wheat and alfalfa resulted in circumstantial evidence that these crops were the sources of thrips infestations in cabbage.…”

Section: Datementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Thysanoptera within Cabbage Fields

North

Shelton

1986

Environmental Entomology

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The occurrence and species composition of thrips within cabbage fields were studied during 1981 and 1982. Temporal differences in abundance and species composition depended on the spatial relationship of cabbage fields to cereal and forage crops. Sticky traps within cabbage fields recorded peak !lights of thrips during maturation and senescence of adjacent wheat or oat fields and cutting of adjacent alfalfa and red clover fields. These data indicate several important findings regarding the ecology of thrips in general and the possible management of Thrips tabaci Lindeman in particular. First, although there are large numbers of thrips in cabbage fields during certain time periods (e.g., maturation or harvesting of crops), most will not be T. tabaci and need not be of concern to cabbage growers. Second, there are significant differences in thrips phenology and species composition in cabbage fields, and these differences appear to be dependent on phenology and management of adjacent field and forage crops. Third, although many other species are present, T. tabaci appears to be present in adequate numbers to infest cabbage at the critical period of head formation. This critical period occurs at different times depending on area, planting date, variety, and weather.

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“…Among many factors, Lewis (1997) noted that the thrips' infestation of a crop depends on favourable weather conditions for population growth, while several studies (Brown et al, 2005a,b;Chaisuekul and Riley, 2005;Harding, 1961;McDonald et al, 1998) have linked rainfall patterns and temperature to thrips vectors and spotted wilt development. Heavy rainfall was reported to have a negative effect on thrips' larvae survival (Kirk, 1997) and adult flight (Lewis, 1997), while increased temperatures during the spring were associated with greater thrips' activity and population growth (Kirk, 1997;Lewis, 1997;Lowry et al, 1992;Pearsall and Myers, 2001).…”

Section: Case Study 2: Wrf Model and Thrips-vector Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy rainfall was reported to have a negative effect on thrips' larvae survival (Kirk, 1997) and adult flight (Lewis, 1997), while increased temperatures during the spring were associated with greater thrips' activity and population growth (Kirk, 1997;Lewis, 1997;Lowry et al, 1992;Pearsall and Myers, 2001). Harding (1961) suggested that cool temperatures and rains are detrimental to thrips' colonization on onions in south Texas. Thrips often migrate into cropping fields during the spring after overwintering on uncultivated plants or alternative hosts (Groves et al, 2002(Groves et al, , 2003Kirk, 1997;Lewis, 1997;Pearsall and Myers, 2001).…”

Section: Case Study 2: Wrf Model and Thrips-vector Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%