Effect of microbial phytase on cadmium accumulation in pigs

Rimbach, Gerald; Pallauf, J.; Walz, O. P.

doi:10.1080/17450399609381890

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, from an economic and environmental standpoint, in the case of phytase supplementation, over‐fortification of practical diets with inorganic zinc can be reduced. In addition to the presented data, Rimbach et al . (1996) studied cadmium accumulation in the liver and kidney of the pigs of this experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Microbial phytase combined with amino acid supplementation reduces P and N excretion of growing and finishing pigs without loss of performance

Walz

Pallauf

2002

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combined low-protein (CP) lowphosphorus (P) diet, supplemented with limiting amino acids and microbial phytase, on performance, nutrient utilization and carcass assessment of grower-finisher barrows. 4 · 6 crossbreed barrows were continuously housed in metabolism cages from 25 to 100 kg live weight and were fed diets, either conventional according to recent nutrient recommendations (A) or protein reduced (B) or protein and phosphorus reduced diets (C) based on barley (59-80%), maize (15%) and soybean meal (23-2%). Diet A (positive control) contained in fresh matter 18.5%, 15.6% and 13.6% CP and 0.59%, 0.51%, 0.50% P (growth phases I: 25-50 kg, II: 50-75 kg, III: 75-100 kg weight). Diet B was low in CP (14.2%, 13.4%, 11.0%), diet C low in CP and low in P (CP: as B, P: 0.46%, 0.41%, 0.32%). Diet D served as a negative control (CP and P as C). To diet B the limiting amino acids lysine, methionine, threonine and trypthophan were added to meet the levels in diet A, to diet C the limiting amino acids and 800 FTU Aspergillus-phytase per kg were supplemented. At the end of the balance periods of about 100 (A,B,C) or 133 (D) days, the barrows were slaughtered at 100 kg live weight, the carcasses scored and loin, biceps femoris, os femoris and phalanx prima IV were analysed for their nutrient (dry matter, protein, fat) or mineral (ash, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn) composition. In contrast to the basal diet D, the CP or P reduction in diets B and C did not negatively affect growth, feed efficiency, nitrogen retention or overall carcass performances of the pigs. With the low CP diets B and C, N excretion via the urine was significantly reduced and thus N excretion per unit weight gain was decreased by about 30%. The addition of microbial phytase (C) increased apparent digestibility of P significantly between 25% (growth phase III) and 50% (growth phase II). In spite of 25% reduction of P intake (C), the absolute daily P retention did not differ between treatments. Thus phytase supplementation in diet C reduced P excretion per unit weight gain by about 35% (I, II) to 44% (III) as compared with A and B. Similarly, phytase raised apparent digestibility of Ca by about 25% and Zn by about 80%. Generally, the carcass and meat characteristics were not affected by any of the diet strategies employed in this experiment. Mineralization (bone weight, ash, Ca, P, Mg) of the os femoris and phalanx prima IV were also similar in all treatment groups. However, phytase supplementation led to significantly increased zinc concentration in bones, indicating considerably improved zinc release from the phytate complex. In contrast, Fe incorporation into the os femoris was significantly reduced in the phytase group. In general, the low CP and low P feeding regimen introduced in this experiment offers substantial benefits in maintaining a sustainable environmentally-friendly pork production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Microbial phytase combined with amino acid supplementation reduces P and N excretion of growing and finishing pigs without loss of performance

Walz

Pallauf

2002

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…2 Phytic acid also binds toxic metals such as lead, in¯uencing their toxicity and deposition in animal tissues. 3,4 Unlike phosphate, phytic acid is not absorbed from digesta into the blood. The hydrolysis of phytic acid to inositol and phosphate in the digestive tract is carried out by phytases present in the diet, in the micro¯ora of the gut and in the intestinal mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of phytic acid in feeds and faeces of pigs and poultry by capillary isotachophoresis

̆ková

Marounek

̆ezina³

2001

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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A method for phytic acid determination in the feeds and faeces of pigs and poultry has been developed on the basis of capillary isotachophoresis. Phytic acid was extracted by 0.95 M HCl and separated from interfering compounds by iron precipitation. Complete formation of ferric phytate required 7 mol FeCl 3 mol À1 phytic acid. Residual Fe 3 was estimated colorimetrically by the tiron reagent, and ferric phytate was dissolved in 1.5 M NaOH at 9 mol NaOH mol À1 Fe precipitated. Analyses were carried out using an electrolyte system with Cl À as the leading anion, bis-tris-propane, and 2-morpholinoethanesulphonic acid as the terminating anion. The recovery of phytic acid (added to hen faeces) using this procedure was 962 AE 24 g kg À1. The limit of determination of phytic acid was 0.3 mmol ml À1 extract. The amount of phytic acid in feeds ranged from 8.3 to 10.8 g kg À1 on a dry matter basis. Phytic acid P represented 112 g kg À1 total P in faeces of young pigs (40±60 kg) fed a feed with supplemental phytase (490 U kg À1 ), 153 g kg À1 total P in faeces of ®nishing pigs and 185 g kg À1 total P in faeces of non-lactating sows. Excreta of laying hens contained 23.7 g phytic acid kg À1 dry matter (362 g kg À1 total P). The isotachophoretic method is suf®ciently simple and reproducible to be used for routine analyses of feeds and faeces. # 2000 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: phytic acid; isotachophoresis; feed; faeces; pig; hen INTRODUCTIONPhytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid) is present in substantial quantities in a variety of plant feedstuffs. It is the predominant form of phosphorus in cereals, oil-seeds and seeds of leguminous plants.

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“…Phytic acid also binds toxic metals such as lead, influencing their toxicity and deposition in animal tissues 3. 4 Unlike phosphate, phytic acid is not absorbed from digesta into the blood. The hydrolysis of phytic acid to inositol and phosphate in the digestive tract is carried out by phytases present in the diet, in the microflora of the gut and in the intestinal mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of phytic acid in feeds and faeces of pigs and poultry by capillary isotachophoresis

̆ková

Marounek

̆ezina³

2000

J. Sci. Food Agric.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A method for phytic acid determination in the feeds and faeces of pigs and poultry has been developed on the basis of capillary isotachophoresis. Phytic acid was extracted by 0.95 M HCl and separated from interfering compounds by iron precipitation. Complete formation of ferric phytate required 7 mol FeCl3 mol−1 phytic acid. Residual Fe3+ was estimated colorimetrically by the tiron reagent, and ferric phytate was dissolved in 1.5 M NaOH at 9 mol NaOH mol−1 Fe precipitated. Analyses were carried out using an electrolyte system with Cl− as the leading anion, bis‐tris‐propane, and 2‐morpholinoethanesulphonic acid as the terminating anion. The recovery of phytic acid (added to hen faeces) using this procedure was 962 ± 24 g kg−1. The limit of determination of phytic acid was 0.3 µmol ml−1 extract. The amount of phytic acid in feeds ranged from 8.3 to 10.8 g kg−1 on a dry matter basis. Phytic acid P represented 112 g kg−1 total P in faeces of young pigs (40–60 kg) fed a feed with supplemental phytase (490 U kg−1), 153 g kg−1 total P in faeces of finishing pigs and 185 g kg−1 total P in faeces of non‐lactating sows. Excreta of laying hens contained 23.7 g phytic acid kg−1 dry matter (362 g kg−1 total P). The isotachophoretic method is sufficiently simple and reproducible to be used for routine analyses of feeds and faeces. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

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Effect of microbial phytase on cadmium accumulation in pigs

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Microbial phytase combined with amino acid supplementation reduces P and N excretion of growing and finishing pigs without loss of performance

Microbial phytase combined with amino acid supplementation reduces P and N excretion of growing and finishing pigs without loss of performance

Determination of phytic acid in feeds and faeces of pigs and poultry by capillary isotachophoresis

Determination of phytic acid in feeds and faeces of pigs and poultry by capillary isotachophoresis

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