Effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on prostate cancer risk: Meta-analysis

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is weakly and non significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, but associations vary with geography. Among single components of the syndrome, hypertension and higher waist circumference are significantly associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.

The Association between Metabolic Syndrome, Its Components and the risk of Prostate Cancer among Healthy Men in Northern Nigeria; A Community Survey

“…Some reviews that have linked obesity with prostate cancer have indicated that obesity may not necessarily increase the risk of prostate cancer, but may promote it once established. [9] A similar finding was documented in a study among healthy Koreans that showed higher waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose level were significantly associated with lower PSA (low risk for PCa) but not with MetS, [10] while in another meta analysis by Esposito et al, [11] found higher waist circumference to be significantly associated with increased levels of PSA. Previous studies demonstrated that men with type 2 diabetes mellitus consistently had significantly lower serum prostate-specific antigen levels than healthy men.…”

“…Most of the reviews and meta analysis are as varied as always on the complicity of metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer pathogenesis. A meta analysis by Esposito K. et al, [11] showed that metabolic syndrome is weakly and non significantly associated with prostate cancer and this varies with geography, race and/or ethnicity while Gacci M. et al, [7] and Rhee H. et al, [8] in a more recent meta analysis revealed that metabolic syndrome may not be involved directly in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer rather it is associated with severity of the tumour including its aggressiveness, worse outcome and biochemical recurrence on the background hormones dysregulation. Although the relationship between metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer is inconclusive and more often than not confusing, the individual components of metabolic syndrome maintain a Section: Medicine rather definitive heterogeneous relationship with serum total PSA.…”

“…[12] Among all the individual metabolic components, hypertension is the most consistently associated with increased PSA levels hence higher risk of PCa. Several meta analyses, [10,11,13] have revealed that hypertension singularly or in collaboration with other components, is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. In another study, [4] it was observed that there was an inverse relationship between the body mass index, HDL, and FBG with the serum PSA level.…”

EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent

“…Metabolic syndrome has been linked with an increased risk of PCa [5], but there is insufficient evidence to recommend lifestyle changes or a modified diet to lower this risk. In hypogonadal men, testosterone therapy is not associated with an increased PCa risk [6].…”

Role of Hyperinsulinemia in Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case Control Study from Kathmandu Valley

“…Metabolic syndrome is linked with prostate cancer risk and varies with geography (Esposito et al, 2013). The pervasiveness of metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide and allied with an augmented risk of the assertiveness and succession of prostate cancer (Xiang et al, 2013).…”