Effect of Mass Transfer and Enzyme Loading on the Biodiesel Yield and Reaction Rate in the Enzymatic Transesterification of Crude Palm Oil

Sim, Jia Huey; Bhatia, Subhash

doi:10.1021/ef900474e

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, theoretically, any form of oils and fats coming from animals, plants, or even microorganisms can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Currently the main biodiesel feedstocks are classified into three categories: (1) plant oils such as soybean oil [35,65], Jatropha oil [42,66], palm oil [67][68][69], cottonseed oil, and sunflower oil etc. [36,70,71]; (2) animal fats such as tallow [72], lard, and grease, etc.…”

Section: Feedstock For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels in China

Tan

et al. 2010

Biotechnology in China II

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The Chinese government is stimulating the biofuels development to replace partially fossil fuels in the transport sector, which can enhance energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and stimulate rural development. Bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol, biogas, and biohydrogen are the main biofuels developed in China. In this chapter, we mainly present the current status of biofuel development in China, and illustrate the issues of feedstocks, food security and conversion processes.

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Section: Feedstock For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels in China

Tan

et al. 2010

Biotechnology in China II

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“…This methodology analyzes first order interactions and enables the combination of the best levels of each variable [16]. Previous research on transesterification conducted by Gao et al [19], Rodrigues [20], Shie et al [21] and Sim et al [22], with different kinds of catalysts showed excellent results using this methodology. However, possible mean deviations due to atypical data points have not been analyzed yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purity of the triacyl glycerides influenced the reaction because the phospholipids in the crude oils add to the lipase surface, blocking the active site and causing inhibition. Thus, it was necessary to eliminate phospholipids by additional process to avoid mass transfer problems and improve the reaction yield [22,30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction yield has been tested in packed bed reactors [44][45][46], showing a higher efficiency when the reaction media has low flows through the stationary phase, increasing the contact between catalyst and reactants. Likewise, the enzyme amount influences the yield and the rate of the reaction, due to increased number of enzyme molecules able to react with the substrate [18,22], as explained by Murray et al [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applied Biocatalysis with an Organic Resistant Partially Purified Lipase from P. aeruginosa During FAME Production

Cabrejo¹,

Barrera²,

Prieto-Correa³

2015

TOCATJ

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A partially purified lipase from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (PSA-01) isolated from the palm oil fruit Elaeis guineensis was used as biocatalyst to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Lyophilized lipase supernatant (LLS) was used during the first step to screen the main variables (pH, temperature, stoichiometric oil:methanol ratio, water content and type of oil). Other variables which were identified during the screening assays (scale of reaction recipient, LLS amount and use of hexane to solubilize methanol forming a methanol-oil microemulsion) were tested during a second step. The response variable was % molar yield of FAME. It was quantified by GC. Additionally, the LLS work parameters were optimized and compared to a partially purified lipase (PPL) during a final assay. The first-order interactions between the analyzed factors were significant (p<0.05). The highest yield was 4.16% w/w (respect to oil) using a partially purified lipase (PPL) with pH 8, refined, bleached, and deodorized oil (RBD), 5% water (by volume) in oil and 10% hexane (by volume), and a stoichiometric ratio of 1:170 oil:methanol. The final assay was carried out at 54°C and 200 rpm for 48 hours. It resulted in a 34.68% conversion using PPL. It also showed a 13-fold improvement versus the initial yield with LLS, suggesting the need for a better purification process. During this research, the lipase was partially purified and used at an alkaline pH. It showed resistance to organic compounds such as methanol and hexane. This implies great potential to act as an effective biocatalyst in the implementation of biodiesel production processes.

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“…Models for fatty acid methyl ester yield are developed for cases of reaction control and mass transfer control Efforts in minimizing mass transfer effects in enzymatic transesterification of crude palm oil in a biphasic system have always been the compromise between enzyme loading and agitation speed, therefore, effect of enzyme loading and agitation speed on fatty acid methyl ester productivity in terms of intrinsic and external mass transfer limitations and the effective reaction time may be determined using factorial design. Graphical plots of experimental results reveal that the mass transfer effect for the transport of reactant from bulk liquid to immobilized lipase and within the intra-particle of immobilized lipase are absent at 150 rpm and 6.65% enzyme loading (Sim et al, 2009). In the case of continuous process, circulation and long-term continuous system are investigated for development of efficient mass transfer system .…”

Section: Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%