Effect of Marine Microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa Ethanol Extract on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Abstract

Effects of marine microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa 55% ethanol extract (CPE55) on lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and regulation mechanism in high fat diet-fed induced hyperlipidaemia rats were investigated. Structure characterizations of major compounds in CPE55 were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The compositions of gut microbiota in rats were analyzed by high-throughput next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Oral administration with CPE55 markedly alleviated dyslipidemia through improving adverse blood lipid profile and inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. CPE55 has downregulated the gene expression levels of acetyl CoA carboxylase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase and upregulated adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α. It has also improved the abundance of bacteria Alistipes, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, and Ruminococcus1 and decreased the abundances of Turicibacter and Lachnospira. Turicibacter and Lachnospira were both positive correlations of metabolic phenotypes. The findings above illustrated that CPE55 might be developed as food ingredients to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and hyperlipidaemia.

Changes in the Gut Microbiota are Associated with Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Subjects

“…In contrast, the abundance of the Alistipes genus was significantly decreased in the HL group compared to HC. The abundance of Alistipes , which belongs to the Bacteroidetes phylum, was lower in rodent models with high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia [ 28 , 29 ]. In addition, the levels of this genus were also significantly decreased in obese Mexican individuals [ 30 ].…”

<p><em>Phocea</em>, <em>Pseudoflavonifractor</em> and <em>Lactobacillus intestinalis</em>: Three Potential Biomarkers of Gut Microbiota That Affect Progression and Complications of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</p>

“…21 The genus Romboutsia was isolated from the digestive samples of ileum for the first time in 2014. 52 For the past few years, studies have shown that Romboutsia is negatively correlated with fasting glucose, insulin, and HDL-C, and positively correlated with serum TC, TG, and LDL-C. [53][54][55][56] A recent study found Romboutsia increased in T2DM mice model. 57 Our experiment firstly illustrated a clear correlation between Romboutsia and T2DM in a diabetes rat model.…”

The gut microbiota and its interactions with cardiovascular disease

“…Several microbes, including Turicibacter, Roseburia, Lachnospira and Romboutsia, showed positive relationships with abnormal serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and a negatively correlated relationship with the serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. By contrast, the abundance of Ruminococcus_1, Rikenella, Bacteroides, Butyrivibrio and Alistipes was negatively correlated with serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL levels but were positively correlated with HDL levels (Wan, et al , ). Gut colonization with bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes altered bile salt hydrolase features, leading to changes in the gut bile acid composition that affected host metabolism and gene expression (Yao, et al , ) (Fig.…”