<p><em>Phocea</em>, <em>Pseudoflavonifractor</em> and <em>Lactobacillus intestinalis</em>: Three Potential Biomarkers of Gut Microbiota That Affect Progression and Complications of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</p>

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference and association between intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolomics between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and normal group and to identify potential microbiota biomarkers that contribute the most to the difference in metabolites. Methods: Six male ZDF model (fa/fa) rats were fed by a Purina #5008 Lab Diet (crude protein 23.5%, crude fat 6.5%) for 3 weeks and their age-matched 6 ZDF control (fa/+) rats were fed by normal rodent diet. Their stool and blood samples were collected at 12 weeks. To analyze the microbial populations in these samples, we used a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) followed by multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the plasma metabolites profiling. Correlation analysis of them was calculated by Pearson statistical method. Results: Twelve potential biomarkers of intestinal microbial flora and 357 differential metabolites were found in ZDF fa/fa rats, among which there are three flora that contributed the most to the perturbation of metabolites, including genus Phocea, Pseudoflavonifractor and species Lactobacillus intestinalis. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the alterations of the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiota and the perturbation of metabolites in ZDF rats (fa/fa). We found three potential biomarkers of intestinal microbiota that may lead to perturbation in plasma metabolites. This may prompt new pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM, but we also need to study further about the causal relationship between intestinal microbe and T2DM, so as to find the target of T2DM treatment or preventive measures.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications

“…Wang et al reported the utility of Phocea , Pseudoflavonifractor and Lactobacillus intestinalis as prognosis biomarkers in ZDF rats with diabesity, whose presence is associated with the worst metabolic serum profiles [ 242 ]. Dao et al found that the grade of appearance of Akkermansia muciniphila could be used as a metabolic status biomarker, directly correlated with glucose homeostasis, serum lipid levels and fat redistribution in a dietary intervention in patients with obesity [ 243 ]. Akkermansia muciniphila equally represents a promising therapy in diabesity.…”

Integrated Metagenomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Dietary Dependent Recovery of Host Metabolism From Antibiotic Exposure

“…ASF360, was reduced in the Vac_CD group, while there was no difference in the Lactobacillus species between the CM_CD and CD groups. Previous study reported that L. intestinalis was increased in Zucker diabetic fatty rats and can be a potential biomarker for the progression and complications of T2DM (Wang et al, 2020). However, some strains of L. reuteri are used as probiotics to improve insulin sensitivity (Mobini et al, 2017;Kolodziej and Szajewska, 2019).…”

Antidiabetic Function of Lactobacillus fermentum MF423-Fermented Rice Bran and Its Effect on Gut Microbiota Structure in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

“…Then, fasting blood glucose was measured on days 3 and 7 after intraperitoneal injection. The mice were defined as T2DM if the fasting blood glucose was more than 7.0 mmol/L ( Wang J. et al, 2020 ). And T2DM mice were randomized into five groups: high-fat diet (HFD, 0.1 mL/10 g body weight, distilled water), defatted rice bran unfermented extracts (RB, 1.0 g/kg body weight), pioglitazone (PGLT, 10 mg/kg body weight, positive control), high-dose of defatted rice bran fermentation extracts (HFLRB, 1.0 g/kg body weight), and low-dose of defatted rice bran fermentation extracts (LFLRB, 0.5 g/kg body weight).…”

“…Therefore, these results suggested that the gut microbiota played key roles in the development of T2DM. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), generated from undigested carbohydrates by gut microbiota, strengthen gut barrier function by supporting energy for epithelial growth and resisting invading microbes ( Wang Y. X. et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2021 ). Moreover, SCFAs can regulate the relative expression of proteins controlling satiety and then reduce appetite to improve T2DM ( Kim et al, 2018 ).…”