Changes in the Gut Microbiota are Associated with Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Subjects

Abstract

The human gut microbiota is involved in host health and disease development. Therefore, lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension (HT), hyperlipidemia (HL), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) may alter the composition of gut microbiota. Here, we investigated gut microbiota changes related to these diseases and their coexistence. This study involved 239 Japanese subjects, including healthy controls (HC). The fecal microbiota was analyzed through the isolation of bacterial genomic DNA obtained from fecal samples. Although there were no significant differences in the microbial structure between groups, there was a significant difference in the α-diversity between HC and the patients in whom two diseases coexisted. Moreover, Actinobacteria levels were significantly increased, whereas Bacteroidetes levels were significantly decreased in all disease groups. At the genus level, Bifidobacterium levels were significantly increased in the HL and T2D groups, as were those of Collinsella in all disease groups. In contrast, Alistipes levels were significantly lower in the HL group. Furthermore, metabolic enzyme families were significantly increased in all disease groups. Interestingly, the structure and function of the gut microbiota showed similar profiles in all the studied diseases. In conclusion, several changes in the structure of the gut microbiota are associated with T2D, HT, and HL in Japanese subjects.

Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…Furthermore, Lactobacillaceae composition was lower in the BC and positive-C groups than in the control group, but Akkermansia muciniphila contents were much higher in the BC group than the control. Intake of anthocyanin-rich foods, such as blackcurrants and blackberries, enriches Akkermansia muciniphila , which is consistent with our findings [ 51 , 52 ]. Fecal Bacteroidetes levels are significantly decreased in T2DM patients, similar to the findings of the present study [ 53 ].…”

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Human Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

“…Most studies (11/13 studies) showed that significant differences between hypertension group and control group were detected (18-20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 30-33). Two studies reported that no significant differences were seen (29,34).…”

“…The characteristics of included studies were summarized in Table 1. Most of them were published in year 2019 (6/17 studies) (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) and year 2020 (6/17 studies) (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34); in terms of geographical region, most of these researches were conducted in China (9/17 studies) (18-21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30) and the US (3/15 studies) (22,27,31), which are two countries with heavy disease burden of hypertension. For study design, most studies enrolled a group of fecal samples from hypertension cases and a group of fecal samples from healthy controls with normal blood pressure; the major exploration was based on comparison between the two groups; three studies (18,20,24) also enrolled subjects of pre-hypertension or in borderline status.…”

High association of COVID-19 severity with poor gut health score in Lebanese patients

“…A recent study stated that COVID-19-positive older people presenting with chronic medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity are at a higher risk for hospitalization and mortality than older people without these chronic conditions [ 75 ]. These latter are associated with numerous changes in the structure of the gut microbiota of humans [ 76 – 79 ]. Interestingly, Gu et al .…”