Effect of lithium and silver diffusion in single-stack and tandem OLED devices

Angel, Felipe A.; Wallace, Jason U.; Tang, Ching Wan

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2016.12.023

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, previous works have revealed that metallic Li easily diffuses through organic layers, which leads to severe exciton quenching in the emitting layers and results in device degradation 10 , 43 . For EILs with CAN, the coordination effect of the Phen moieties will prevent the diffusion of Ag, thus improving the device lifetime 44 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ-formed tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes for improved coordination-activated n-doping

Liu

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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In situ coordination-activated n-doping by air-stable metals in electron-transport organic ligands has proven to be a viable method to achieve Ohmic electron injection for organic optoelectronics. However, the mutual exclusion of ligands with high nucleophilic quality and strong electron affinity limits the injection efficiency. Here, we propose meta-linkage diphenanthroline-type ligands, which not only possess high electron affinity and good electron transport ability but also favour the formation of tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes to decrease the ionization energy of air-stable metals. An electron injection layer (EIL) compatible with various cathodes and electron transport materials is developed with silver as an n-dopant, and the injection efficiency outperforms conventional EILs such as lithium compounds. A deep-blue organic light-emitting diode with an optimized EIL achieves a high current efficiency calibrated by the y colour coordinate (0.045) of 237 cd A−1 and a superb LT95 of 104.1 h at 5000 cd m−2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ-formed tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes for improved coordination-activated n-doping

Liu

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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“…Moreover, the color temperature of candlelight organic LED increases from 1690 to 1785 K as the thickness increases from 45 to 50 nm, which may be attributed to the changes in the recombination zone position in the emissive layer [62,63].…”

Section: Etlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, further increasing the thickness to 55 nm, a drop in PE and CE may be attributed to variations in trap densities in the ETL that may limit the charge transport and cause the charge imbalance in the emissive region [59][60][61]. Moreover, the color temperature of candlelight organic LED increases from 1690 to 1785 K as the thickness increases from 45 to 50 nm, which may be attributed to the changes in the recombination zone position in the emissive layer [62,63].…”

Section: This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Candlelight Organic Light-Emitting Diode with a Very Low Color Temperature

et al. 2021

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Low color temperature candlelight organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are human and environmentally friendly because of the absence of blue emission that might suppress at night the secretion of melatonin and damage retina upon long exposure. Herein, we demonstrated a lighting device incorporating a phenoxazine-based host material, 3,3-bis(phenoxazin-10-ylmethyl)oxetane (BPMO), with the use of orange-red and yellow phosphorescent dyes to mimic candlelight. The resultant BPMO-based simple structured candlelight organic LED device permitted a maximum exposure limit of 57,700 s, much longer than did a candle (2750 s) or an incandescent bulb (1100 s) at 100 lx. The resulting device showed a color temperature of 1690 K, which is significantly much lower than that of oil lamps (1800 K), candles (1900 K), or incandescent bulbs (2500 K). The device showed a melatonin suppression sensitivity of 1.33%, upon exposure for 1.5 h at night, which is 66% and 88% less than the candle and incandescent bulb, respectively. Its maximum power efficacy is 23.1 lm/W, current efficacy 22.4 cd/A, and external quantum efficiency 10.2%, all much higher than the CBP-based devices. These results encourage a scalable synthesis of novel host materials to design and manufacture high-efficiency candlelight organic LEDs.

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“…Among those candidates, Ag shows high reflectance, great conductivity, and a low level of absorption. Despite these outstanding points, Ag has a low work function of ~4.3 eV, providing inefficient hole injection, and its diffusion into the organic layers severely affects light emission in an OLED device, through either plasmonic or non-radiative quenching effects [ 6 ]. The incorporation of surface treatment or a buffer layer has been reported in attempts to tailor the electronic structures of the anode/organic interface, and thus improve hole injection [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Etching Characteristics of ITO/Ag/ITO Multilayered Electrode in High-Density and High-Electron-Temperature Plasma

et al. 2021

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This paper presents the dry etching characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO)/Ag/ITO multilayered thin film, used as a pixel electrode in a high-resolution active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) device. Dry etching was performed using a combination of H2 and HCl gases in a reactive ion etching system with a remote electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source, in order to achieve high electron temperature. The effect of the gas ratio (H2/HCl) was closely observed, in order to achieve an optimal etch profile and an effective etch process, while other parameters—such as the radio frequency (RF) power, ECR power, chamber pressure, and temperature—were fixed. The optimized process, with an appropriate gas ratio, constitutes a one-step serial dry etch solution for ITO and Ag multilayered thin films.

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Effect of lithium and silver diffusion in single-stack and tandem OLED devices

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

In situ-formed tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes for improved coordination-activated n-doping

In situ-formed tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes for improved coordination-activated n-doping

Highly Efficient Candlelight Organic Light-Emitting Diode with a Very Low Color Temperature

One-Step Etching Characteristics of ITO/Ag/ITO Multilayered Electrode in High-Density and High-Electron-Temperature Plasma

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