Effect of irradiance, leaf age, chlorophyll content and branch-girdling on gas exchange of cashew<i>(Anacardium occidentale</i>L.) leaves

Schaper, H.; Chacko, E. K.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1993.11516383

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Gholami [17] also reported that the girdling treatment at the early berry growth of berry significantly affected the contents of anthocyanins, total phenolics, glycosides, weight and total soluble solids. As girdling can inhibit the basipetal movement of carbohydrate compounds through the phloem [18,19], the accumulation of carbohydrate compounds could enhance the formation of the second metabolites derived from the shikimate pathway [20,21]. In this study, we observed that application of girdling treatment to the branch of the 'Huang Zhi Xiang' tea tree enhanced the accumulation of starch in fresh tea leaf (data not shown), which in turn could increase the formation of catechins by the shikimate pathway, but it requires to be investigated.…”

Section: Variations In Contents Of Catechins In Fresh Tea Leafmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Girdling on Levels of Catechins in Fresh Leaf in Relation to Quality of ‘Huang Zhi Xiang’ Oolong Tea

Chen

Duan

Yang

et al. 2009

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

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Oolong tea is one of the most popular beverages due to the presence of significant amount of catechins. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of girdling treatment on levels of catechins in fresh tea leaf related to quality of the 'Huang Zhi Xiang' Oolong tea (Camellia sinensis). The variations in the levels of catechins in fresh tea leaf and the quality score (QS) of the 'Huang Zhi Xiang' Oolong tea were examined. The study demonstrated that girdling treatment increased significantly the levels of (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin gallate, total catechins, simple catechin, and catechin gallate present in fresh leaf of tea trees. Furthermore, the girdling treatment improved significantly the quality of the 'Huang Zhi Xiang' Oolong tea. Thus, it was suggested that application of girdling treatment could be an effective agronomic practice to increase the quality of 'Huang Zhi Xiang' Oolong tea.

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Section: Variations In Contents Of Catechins In Fresh Tea Leafmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Girdling on Levels of Catechins in Fresh Leaf in Relation to Quality of ‘Huang Zhi Xiang’ Oolong Tea

Chen

Duan

Yang

et al. 2009

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

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“…Nonetheless, both CO 2 assimilation rates values are within the range described for adult cashew trees in other studies. Under natural conditions, Balasimha (1991) and Palanisamy & Yadukumar (1993) reported maximum CO 2 assimilation rates of about 10 µmol m -2 s -1 , while researches in Australia reported values up to 20 µmol m -2 s -1 (Schaper & Chacko, 1993;Schaper et al, 1996;Blaikie et al, 2001). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of information about the species is due to limited research considering physiological aspects (Marler et al, 1994). Some studies were developed in Australia, such as: Schaper & Chacko (1993), on the influence of leaf age and branch girdling on gas exchange; Schaper et al (1996), on the effects of irrigation on gas exchange and leaf water status; and Blaikie & Chacko (1998) and Blaikie et al (2001), on sap flow and leaf photosynthesis as affected, respectively, by soil drying and irrigation strategies. Balasimha (1991), and Palanisamy & Yadukumar (1993) have also studied the photosynthetic characteristics of adult cashew trees in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic responses of young cashew plants to varying environmental conditions

Souza

Ribeiro

Machado

et al. 2005

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The aim of this study was to characterize gas exchange responses of young cashew plants to varying photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), temperature, vapor-pressure deficit (VPD), and intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ), under controlled conditions. Daily courses of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were measured under natural conditions. Maximum CO 2 assimilation rates, under optimal controlled conditions, were about 13 mmol m -2 s -1, with light saturation around 1,000 mmol m -2 s -1. Leaf temperatures between 25 o C and 35 o C were optimal for photosynthesis. Stomata showed sensitivity to CO 2 , and a closing response with increasing C i . Increasing VPD had a small effect on CO 2 assimilation rates, with a small decrease above 2.5 kPa. Stomata, however, were strongly affected by VPD, exhibiting gradual closure above 1.5 kPa. The reduced stomatal conductances at high VPD were efficient in restricting water losses by transpiration, demonstrating the species adaptability to dry environments. Under natural irradiance, CO 2 assimilation rates were saturated in early morning, following thereafter the PPFD changes. Transient F v /F m decreases were registered around 11h, indicating the occurrence of photoinhibition. Decreases of excitation capture efficiency, decreases of effective quantum yield of photosystem II, and increases in non-photochemical quenching were consistent with the occurrence of photoprotection under excessive irradiance levels.Index terms: Anacardium occidentale, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, temperature, vapor-pressure deficit. Respostas da fotossíntese à variação das condições ambientais em plantas jovens de cajueiroResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as respostas das trocas gasosas de plantas jovens de cajueiro à densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossintético (DFFF), temperatura, déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV) e concentração interna de CO 2 (C i ), sob condições controladas. Cursos diários das trocas gasosas e de variáveis de fluorescência da clorofila a foram obtidos sob condições naturais. A taxa de assimilação de CO 2 máxima foi de cerca de 13 mmol m -2 s -1, com saturação pela luz em torno de 1.000 mmol m -2 s -1. As temperaturas das folhas entre 25 o C e 35 o C corresponderam à faixa ótima para a fotossíntese. Os estômatos mostraram-se sensíveis ao CO 2 e se fecharam com aumentos de C i . Aumentos do DPV exerceram pequeno efeito sobre a taxa de assimilação de CO 2 , com uma pequena diminuição acima de 2,5 kPa. Os estômatos, no entanto, foram fortemente afetados pelo DPV, com fechamento gradativo acima de 1,5 kPa. As condutâncias estomáticas, reduzidas em altos DPVs, foram eficientes em restringir as perdas de água pela transpiração e demonstraram adaptação da espécie a ambientes secos. Sob irradiância natural, a taxa de assimilação de CO 2 apresentou saturação no início da manhã, variando posteriormente com as variações da DFFF. Decréscimos transientes da razão F v /F m foram registrados em torno de 11h, o que indica a ocorr...

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“…Effect of girdling on plants flowered (%) The girdling treatments influenced the flowering and days required for flowering after girdling in Jamun (Table 1). At both locations, T 2 contributed for flowering in maximum plants (100% and 75% (Roper & Williams, 1989;Schaper & Chacko, 1993;Amar Singh, 2003;Urban & Alphonsout, 2006). Transitory block of phloem flux apparently increases sugar availability in the aerial parts of tree which induced flowering in citrus (Wallerstein, Goren, & Ben-Tal, 1978;Yamanishi, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Flowering by Girdling in Jamun cv. Konkan Bahadoli

Haldankar¹,

Dalvi²,

Parulekar³

et al. 2014

JPS

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Jamun (Syzygium cuminii) is an underexploited fruit crop gifted with abundant nutritional and medicinal values. In spite of its greater economic value, farmers are reluctant to establish jamun orchards as flowering is the major constraint. The prebearing age of jamun is fairly long even in grafts. It takes about 6 to 7 years for commencement of flowering and many times this period is extended up to 10 years. An experiment was therefore undertaken under two distinct locations having different weather conditions to study the efficiency of girdling for induction of flowering in jamun under Maharashtra conditions. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with five treatments viz. T 1 -Deep cut on secondary branches, T 2 -Deep cut on tertiary branches, T 3 -Removal of 3 mm bark on secondary branches, T 4 -Removal of 3 mm bark on tertiary branches and T 5 -Control (No girdling). Results indicated that girdling was beneficial in jamun for induction of flowering, greater flowering intensity, more number of flowers and fruits per branchlet, reduced period from flowering to harvesting and higher yield as compared to control plants. Tertiary branches were found to be more appropriate location for girdling than secondary branches. Girdling with deep cut without removal of bark was more beneficial than the removal of bark. T 2 was the best treatment of girdling in jamun.

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Effect of irradiance, leaf age, chlorophyll content and branch-girdling on gas exchange of cashew(Anacardium occidentaleL.) leaves

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Girdling on Levels of Catechins in Fresh Leaf in Relation to Quality of ‘Huang Zhi Xiang’ Oolong Tea

Effect of Girdling on Levels of Catechins in Fresh Leaf in Relation to Quality of ‘Huang Zhi Xiang’ Oolong Tea

Photosynthetic responses of young cashew plants to varying environmental conditions

Induction of Flowering by Girdling in Jamun cv. Konkan Bahadoli

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