Effect of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles Impregnated Bacterial Cellulose on Overall Properties of Alginate/Casein Hydrogels: Potential Injectable Biomaterial for Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

In this study we report the preparation of novel multicomponent hydrogels as potential biomaterials for injectable hydrogels comprised of alginate, casein and bacterial cellulose impregnated with iron nanoparticles (BCF). These hydrogels demonstrated amide cross-linking of alginate–casein, ionic cross-linking of alginate and supramolecular interaction due to incorporation of BCF. Incorporation of BCF into the hydrogels based on natural biopolymers was done to reinforce the hydrogels and impart magnetic properties critical for targeted drug delivery. This study aimed to improve overall properties of alginate/casein hydrogels by varying the BCF loading. The physico-chemical properties of gels were characterized via FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, VSM and mechanical compression. In addition, swelling, drug release, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity studies were also conducted on these hydrogels. The results indicated that incorporation of BCF in alginate/casein hydrogels led to mechanically stronger gels with magnetic properties, increased porosity and hence increased swelling. A porous structure, which is essential for migration of cells and biomolecule transportation, was confirmed from microscopic analysis. The porous internal structure promoted cell viability, which was confirmed through MTT assay of fibroblasts. Moreover, a hydrogel can be useful for the delivery of essential drugs or biomolecules in a sustained manner for longer durations. These hydrogels are porous, cell viable and possess mechanical properties that match closely to the native tissue. Collectively, these hybrid alginate–casein hydrogels laden with BCF can be fabricated by a facile approach for potential wound healing applications.

One-pot green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles from Bauhinia tomentosa: Characterization and application towards synthesis of 1, 3 diolein

“…A vibrating sample magnetometer was used to test the magnetic properties of the iron oxide nanoparticles, at room temperature, the hysteresis loops of the bare Fe 3 O 4 and iron coated NPs are shown in Fig. 9 41 . As the magnetic field is withdrawn from both prepared NPs, the magnetization decreases from a plateau state to zero.…”

Functionalization of an Alginate-Based Material by Oxidation and Reductive Amination

“…Alginates are employed industrially for their viscosifying properties, water binding capacities and gelling properties [ 12 ], which correlate with the amount of GG blocks in the polymer chain as well as the presence of divalent cations in the aqueous medium [ 13 ]. These properties have allowed us to widen alginate applications, especially in biomedical areas, including wound healing [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], cell microencapsulation [ 17 , 18 , 19 ] and drug delivery systems [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. However, the main limitation regarding these applications lies especially on low biocompatibility and poor mechanical properties, preventing the utilization of unmodified alginates for sophisticated biomedical areas such as cell immobilization [ 23 , 24 ].…”

pH-Responsive Succinoglycan-Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogels with Highly Improved Mechanical Strength for Controlled Drug Delivery Systems

“…In particular, in the case of the three SG/CMC IPN gels, cell viability was similar to that of CMC gels, which is known to be non-toxic. It has been reported that hydrogels that form IPN through Fe 3+ coordination do not have cytotoxcity [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. On the other hand, the positive control treated with DMSO showed a cell viability of 25%.…”