Effect of initial curing period on the behavior of mortar under sulfate attack

Li, Xiaoyü; Yu, Xiaotong; Zhao, Yuping; Yu, Xiangang; Li, Chousheng; Chen, Da

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126852

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Surprisingly, pre-cured cement pastes exhibited rapid degradation, although sulfate ion ingress did not show significant differences when comparing pre-cured samples to the uncured ones. In contrast, Li et al [24] conducted a study suggesting a minimum initial curing period of 14 days for cement-based materials exposed to sulfate. Their findings indicated that a longer initial curing period correlated with improved resistance to sulfate in the cement-based material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of External Sulfate Attack on Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials at Early Age

El Inaty,

Aydin,

Houhou

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Placed in a sulfate-rich environment, concrete reacts with sulfate ions, influencing the long-term durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This external sulfate attack (ESA) degrades the cement paste through complex and coupled physicochemical mechanisms that can lead to severe mechanical damage. In common practice, RC structures are generally exposed to sulfate at an early age. This early exposition can affect ESA mechanisms that are generally studied on pre-cured specimens. Moreover, current efforts for sustainable concrete construction focus on replacing clinker with supplementary cementitious materials, requiring a 90-day curing period, which contradicts real-life scenarios. Considering all these factors, the objective of this study is to explore ESA effects at an early age on cement-blended paste samples using various low-carbon formulations. The characterization techniques used demonstrated that the reference mix (100% CEM I) exhibits the weakest resistance to sulfate, leading to complete deterioration after 90 weeks of exposure. This is evident through the highest mass gain, expansion, cracking, formation of ettringite and gypsum, and sulfate consumption from the attacking solution. Conversely, the ternary mix, consisting of CEM I, slag, and metakaolin, demonstrates the highest resistance throughout the entire 120 weeks of exposure. All the blended pastes performed well in the sulfate environment despite being exposed at an early age. It can be recommended to substitute clinker with a limited quantity of metakaolin, along with blast furnace slag, as it is the most effective substitute for clinker, outperforming other combinations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of External Sulfate Attack on Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials at Early Age

El Inaty,

Aydin,

Houhou

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…A comprehensive understanding of the mechanical property evolution of concrete exposed to corrosion environments is essential for designing and maintaining marine concrete structures [5]. The degradation of elastic modulus, compressive strength, and flexural strength in sulfate-attacked concrete has been reported to be influenced by diverse factors, including sulfate concentration, concrete composition, and temperature [6][7][8][9]. In contrast, the influence of chloride alone on concrete mechanical properties is deemed negligible [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Assessment of Cement-Based Materials under Marine Conditions Subjected to Sulfate and Chloride Attack Based on Ion Distributions

Zhou

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Sulfate and chloride in the marine environment threaten the lifespan of concrete structures. Predicting the strength of concrete under different degrees of ion erosion is essential for marine structure design and maintenance. In this paper, a novel method was developed to predict the compressive strength evolution due to sulfate and chloride attack. The degradation and ion diffusion behavior of cement-based materials was investigated by analyzing the visual appearance, compressive strength, porosity, and ion distributions of mortar soaked in sulfate and chloride solutions with different concentrations. The damage degree was observed to increase with sulfate concentration and decrease with chloride concentration. Additionally, it was discovered that chloride and sulfate ions inhibited the diffusion of each other, and a higher concentration resulted in a more substantial inhibition effect. The total effective sulfate and chloride intrusions were proposed to describe the erosion degree of mortar based on the evaluation of the ion distributions with Fick’s second law. A compressive strength assessment method was established based on the analysis of the correlation between the strength contribution of sulfate reaction and the total effective chloride and sulfate intrusions. This method exhibits the potential for estimating the concrete strength of actual marine structures damaged by sulfate and chloride with accelerated laboratory tests.

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“…In recent years, many scholars have conducted a great deal of research on the deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials under external sulfate attack [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Sulfate ions enter into cement-based materials through microcracks and the micropore structure [ 10 ] and react with cement hydration products to produce ettringite (AFt) and other expansive products [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale Finite Element Modeling of Mortar under Sulfate Attack

Guan

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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In this paper, a 2D mesoscale finite element (FE) numerical model of mortar, considering the influence of the ITZ, was proposed to evaluate the corrosion of mortar in sodium sulfate. On the mesoscale, the corroded mortar was regarded as a three-phase composite material composed of sand, cement paste, and an interface transition zone (ITZ). Firstly, the volume fractions and mechanical parameters (elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and strength) of the mesoscale phases were obtained. Then, the cement paste and the ITZ were combined to form an equivalent matrix by homogenization methods, and the calibrated constitutive relations of the equivalent matrix were established. Subsequently, a two-dimensional (2D) random circular aggregate (RCA) model and a 2D random polygonal aggregate (RPA) model of corroded mortar were established using the random aggregate model. The failure process of corroded mortar specimens under uniaxial compression was simulated by the mesoscale FE numerical model. Comparing the simulation results with the measured stress–strain curves of the uniaxial compression test, it was found that the simulation results of the 2D RP model were closer to the experimental results than those of the 2D RC model. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the error values of peak stress between the simulation results and the measured results were within 7%, which showed that the 2D mesoscale FE model could accurately predict the results of a uniaxial compression test of a mortar specimen under sulfate attack.

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Effect of initial curing period on the behavior of mortar under sulfate attack

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Long-Term Effects of External Sulfate Attack on Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials at Early Age

Long-Term Effects of External Sulfate Attack on Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials at Early Age

Strength Assessment of Cement-Based Materials under Marine Conditions Subjected to Sulfate and Chloride Attack Based on Ion Distributions

Mesoscale Finite Element Modeling of Mortar under Sulfate Attack

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