Effect of High Water Temperature on Betanodavirus Infection of Fingerling Humpback Grouper Cromileptes altivelis

Yuasa, Kei; Koesharyani, Isti; Mahardika, Ketut

doi:10.3147/jsfp.42.219

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The VNN-associated risk factors identified in this study included the temperature, DO, salinity, ammonia concentration in the water, fish size (adult > larvae), and life stage (age). Similarly, infection with the VNN virus has previously been shown to be influenced by host factors, such as age and environmental factors, particularly temperature [25]. Previous studies have shown that VNN first occurs from as early as 10 days post-hatching (dph) to 50 dph, and in some cases, fish beyond 50 dph in age can be affected, particularly strongly by the viral disease during periods of stress [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with viral nervous necrosis in hybrid groupers in Malaysia and the high similarity of its causative agent nervous necrosis virus to reassortant red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus/striped jack nervous necrosis virus strains

Ariff

Abdullah²,

Azmai

et al. 2019

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a serious disease of several marine fish species. VNN causes 100% mortality in the larval stages, while lower losses have been reported in juvenile and adult fish. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of VNN while identifying its associated risk factors and the genotypes of its causative agent in a hybrid grouper hatchery in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A batch of newly hatched hybrid grouper fry (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus) were followed from the larval stage to market size. Samples of the hybrid groupers, water, live feed, and artificial fish pellets were collected periodically from day 0 to 180 in the hybrid grouper hatchery. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR amplifications were carried out on VNN-related sequences. The phylogenetic tree including the sampled causative agent of VNN was inferred from the coat protein genes from all known Betanodavirus species using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA). Pearson's correlation coefficient values were calculated to determine the strength of the correlation between the presence of VNN in hybrid grouper samples and its associated risk factors. Results: A total of 113 out of 146 pooled and individual samples, including hybrid grouper, water, and artificial fish pellet samples, demonstrated positive results in tests for the presence of VNN-associated viruses. The clinical signs of infection observed in the samples included darkened skin, deformation of the backbone, abdominal distension, skin lesions, and fin erosion. VNN was present throughout the life stages of the hybrid groupers, with the first detection occurring at day 10. VNN-associated risk factors included water temperature, dissolved oxygen content, salinity, ammonia level, fish size (adults more at risk than younger stages), and life stage (age). Detection of VNN-associated viruses in water samples demonstrated evidence of horizontal transmission of the disease. All the nucleotide sequences found in this study had high nucleotide identities of 88% to 100% to each other, striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), and the reassortant strain red-spotted grouper NNV/SJNNV (RGNNV/SJNNV) isolate 430.2004 (GenBank accession number JN189932.1) (n=26). The phylogenetic analysis showed that quasispecies was present in each VNN-causing virus-positive sample, which differed based on the type of sample and life stage. Conclusion: This study was the first to confirm the existence of a reassortant strain (RGNNV/SJNNV) in hybrid groupers from Malaysia and Southeast Asia. However, the association between the mode of transmission and the risk factors of this virus needs to be investigated further to understand the evolution and potential new host species of the reassortant strain. Keywords: epidemiology, quasispecies, reassortant, red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus-striped jack nervous necrosis virus, viral nervous necrosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with viral nervous necrosis in hybrid groupers in Malaysia and the high similarity of its causative agent nervous necrosis virus to reassortant red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus/striped jack nervous necrosis virus strains

Ariff

Abdullah²,

Azmai

et al. 2019

Vet World

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“…Larval or juvenile stages are more prone to this viral infection, but significant mortality can also occur in older fish up to production-size as in European seabass, sevenband grouper, humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis and Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus [4,37,71,83,86,125]. Infections are also reported in freshwater fish, such as Chinese catfish (P. asotus); Australia catfish (Tandanus tandanus); Barramundi (L. calcarifer); Medaka (Oryzias latipes); guppy (Poicelia reticulata) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) [5,22,52,53,62,63,76].…”

Section: Occurrence and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To control the infections, it is important to understand the epidemiology and pathogenic mechanisms of the virus. Betanodavirus infection can be influenced by host factors such as age [1,3], environmental factors such as water temperature [106,115,125] and other stress factors such as suboptimal feed, suboptimal water quality, crowding, transport and repeated spawning of broodstock [55,64,84,115]. The virus can be transmitted both horizontally [15,49,71,99] and vertically [2,7,14,49,83,84,92,102,119].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Betanodavirus of Marine and Freshwater Fish: Distribution, Genomic Organization, Diagnosis and Control Measures

et al. 2012

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“…Selain itu, suhu air juga berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup virus VNN. Infeksi virus VNN di suhu perairan 27°C-31°C dilaporkan mampu menyebabkan kematian pada ikan kerapu bebek (Cromileptes altivelis), sedangkan peningkatan suhu di 35°C dapat menghambat perkembangbiakan virus VNN yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan kematian ikan (Yuasa et al, 2007). Selanjutnya menurut Hata et al (2007)…”

Section: Hasil Dan Bahasanunclassified

Prevalensi Infeksi Viral Nervous Necrosis (Vnn) Dan Iridovirus Pada Hatcheri Dan Budidaya Ikan Laut

Sembiring

Wibawa²,

Mahardika³

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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ABSTRAKPiscine nodavirus sebagai penyebab penyakit VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis) dan iridovirus merupakan jenis virus yang dikenal menjadi penyebab utama kematian ikan laut yang dibudidayakan. Virus ini mampu menginfeksi ikan dari ukuran benih sampai ukuran konsumsi dan dalam waktu dua minggu, kematian mencapai 80% sampai 100%. Pada pembenihan larva dan benih ikan dalam skala rumah tangga ataupun hatcheri lengkap di sepanjang pantai di wilayah Bali Utara sering mengalami infeksi VNN dan iridovirus Namun, informasi terjadinya infeksi belum didata dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai peta infeksi atau serangan virus pada pembudidaya/pembenihan ikan sepanjang tahun 2017 di Bali Utara. Sampling dilakukan pada bulan Februari, Mei, Agustus, dan Oktober. Di samping melakukan sampling, juga dilakukan input data dari hasil analisis sampel di laboratorium bioteknologi yang diperoleh dari pemilik hatcheri/pembudidaya ikan. Analisis VNN menggunakan metode IQ Plus sedangkan analisis iridovirus dengan metode PCR konvensional dengan primer spesifik. Parameter yang diamati adalah prevalensi VNN dan iridovirus dari setiap hatcheri dan keramba jaring apung. Sebagai data penunjang pengukuran parameter kualitas air berupa suhu, salinitas, amoniak, dan nitrit yang dilakukan pada saat pengambilan sampel benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat infeksi VNN di hatcheri Bali utara terjadi di bulan September sebesar 33,3% dan iridovirus pada bulan Agustus mencapai 18,61%. Sedangkan tingkat prevalensi VNN tertinggi di KJA terjadi pada bulan Oktober mencapai 83,4% dan puncak infeksi iridovirus terjadi di bulan Februari dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 50,0%. KATA KUNCI: prevalensi; VNN; iridovirus; hatcheri; budidaya laut ABSTRACT: Infection prevalence of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) and iridovirus in hatcheries and mariculture.VNN and iridovirus are viral diseases causing the highest mortality in mariculture. These viruses are able to infect eggs, larvae, juveniles and even marketable size fish. They can cause 80% to 100% mortality in just two weeks. Larvae or fingerlings in small or big scale hatcheries in Northern Bali were frequently infected by VNN or Iridovirus. Unfortunately, information about the local disease outbreaks was not well documented. The aim of this research was to collect data and information about the infection of these viruses in hatcheries and floating net cage mariculture in Northern Bali during 2017. Sampling was conducted in February, May, August, and October, 2017. In addition to the primary data from the field activities, disease infection secondary dataset from the fish farmers who analyzed their infected fish in our laboratory were also used. The identification of VNN infection was performed following IQPlus method while Iridovirus was tested using the conventional PCR method with specific primers. The parameters observed were the VNN and Iridovirus prevalence in each hatchery and floating net cage. Water quality parameters were measured in situ such as tempera...

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Effect of High Water Temperature on Betanodavirus Infection of Fingerling Humpback Grouper Cromileptes altivelis

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Risk factors associated with viral nervous necrosis in hybrid groupers in Malaysia and the high similarity of its causative agent nervous necrosis virus to reassortant red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus/striped jack nervous necrosis virus strains

Risk factors associated with viral nervous necrosis in hybrid groupers in Malaysia and the high similarity of its causative agent nervous necrosis virus to reassortant red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus/striped jack nervous necrosis virus strains

Betanodavirus of Marine and Freshwater Fish: Distribution, Genomic Organization, Diagnosis and Control Measures

Prevalensi Infeksi Viral Nervous Necrosis (Vnn) Dan Iridovirus Pada Hatcheri Dan Budidaya Ikan Laut

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