Effect of high-albedo materials on pedestrian heat stress in urban street canyons

Erell, Evyatar; Pearlmutter, David; Boneh, Daniel; Kutiel, Pua

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.005

Cited by 250 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, Figure 7b, shows that cool pavements of S1 presents lower PET values than S0 at 14:00, around −2 • C, but slightly higher than S2, around +1 • C, due most likely to the contribution of the cool wall on a cobblestone pavement. This finding is in line with Erell et al [57], and it presumably depends on the reflected solar radiation, which can either be absorbed by the surrounding surfaces increasing their surface temperature [21] or directly by the human body, increasing its energy balance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In fact, in S1, Figure 5e, as well as in S2, Figure 5f, the minimum PET values between 27. Concerning the cool materials, it is important to underline how the present study does not attempt to model all aspects of the complex human response to high-albedo environments which, as stated by Erell et al [57], is likely to be affected by other considerations in addition to thermal comfort, such as visual comfort; this concerns especially S1 that models and analyzes a cool material characterized by a white appearance and thus a high albedo, whereas S2 models and analyzes a cool colored materials, that presents a light orange colored appearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as the human body is non-selective in its absorption of solar energy, the effect of albedo modification on thermal sensation may actually increase thermal stress in warm environments [57]. Regarding this aspect, Chatzidimitriou and Yannas [58] verified that lower surface temperatures, by use of reflective materials, does not compensate for the higher amounts of reflected solar radiation released in the urban environment and directly effecting the thermal comfort of the pedestrian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment and Mitigation Strategies to Counteract Overheating in Urban Historical Areas in Rome

Laureti

Martinelli

Battisti

2018

Climate

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Abstract:As urban overheating is increasing, there is a strong public interest towards mitigation strategies to enhance comfortable urban spaces, for their role in supporting urban metabolism and social life. The study presents an assessment of the existing thermal comfort and usage of San Silvestro Square in Rome during the summer, and performs the simulation of cooling strategies scenarios, to understand their mitigation potential for renovation projects. The first stage concerns a field analysis of the thermal and radiative environment on the 1st and 2nd of August 2014, including meteorological measurements and unobtrusive observations, to understand how people experience and respond to extreme microclimate conditions. In the second stage, the research proposes scenario simulations on the same day to examine the influence of cool colored materials, trees and vegetative surfaces on thermal comfort. The thermal comfort assessment was based on Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), whereas microclimatic simulations were conducted with CFD calculations (ENVImet v.4.3.1). The first stage shows a strong relationship between lower PET values and attendance rate, depending on daily shading patterns. The second stage shows a relevant improvement of thermal comfort, with PET values of −12 • C comparing to the no-intervention scenario, associated with a combination of cool materials and trees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment and Mitigation Strategies to Counteract Overheating in Urban Historical Areas in Rome

Laureti

Martinelli

Battisti

2018

Climate

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“…Rosenfeld et al (1995) found out that except increasing the albedo, tree planting may also reduce or efficiently reverse the urban heat island (UHI) effect and conserve energy. Lowering the air temperature by canopy layer, cities will enjoy (a) reduced air conditioning loads in buildings and (b) improved thermal comfort for pedestrians in outdoor urban spaces (Erell et al, 2012). Trees cool the air by evapotranspiration and prevent its overheating by shading the artificial surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of trees evaluation with the site-specific effect for microclimate in urban environment: the case of study Nitra (Slovakia)

Klein

Rózová

2017

Ekológia (Bratislava)

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Klein J., Rózová Z.: Methods of trees evaluation with the site-specific effect for microclimate in urban environment: the case of study Nitra (Slovakia). Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 36, No. 1, p. 40-51, 2017. Microclimatic factors in selected vegetation structures have been monitored in a compact historical built-up layout in the Nitra municipality. We have observed relationship between microclimatic factors (air temperature, relative air humidity and surface temperature) and microclimatic environment indices (MEI). MEI were created for selected trees with varied structure on the basis of synthesis of input data (layout samples of canopy layer and urban geometry). They point out the impact of trees and environment on microclimate in an urban environment during hot days. Surface temperature is a significant factor. The model shows that the surface temperature in various structures of trees and varied urban geometry could be identified through MEI. From the microclimatic point of view, the tree cover in the narrow street with 8 MEI has the greatest cooling effect. MEI from 8 to 13 proved the cooling effect with regard to the general diameter of the area. The higher the number of MEI, the lower is the cooling effect of the trees.

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“…Apart from the significant impact of higher surface 18 albedo on the surrounding environment, consideration of not compromising the outdoor pedestrian 19 thermal comfort was highlighted using an Index of Thermal Stress [11]. Field monitoring data and 20 meteorological simulations carried out by [12] suggested that the increase in the surface albedo is an 21 effective way of diverting the heat island intensity in the urban area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the impact of building geometry on the thermal performance of road pavement solar collectors

Nasir

Hughes

Calautit

2015

Energy

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8Studies on Road Pavement Solar Collectors (RPSC) have shown the potential of reducing the urban 9 heat island (UHI) effects by dissipating the heat from the pavement for energy harness. Several works 10 have shown that the generated heat could be utilised for sustainable urban energy system. However, 11 none of the previous literatures have assessed the effect of building geometry on the performance of 12 the RPSC. This study investigates the thermal performance of an urban-integrated RPSC system by 13 using CFD simulation of integrated RPSC system with a standard urban canyon domain and an empty 14 domain. Based on 21 st June at 13:00, it was found that the RPSC system in urban canyon domain was 15 on average 36.08% more effective in thermal collection and provided on average 27.11% more 16 surface temperature reduction as compared to the RSPC application in rural/flat domain. The RPSC 17 performance based on the effect from daily solar intensity was initiated with results demonstrated the 18 efficiency of the RPSC in an urban setting was 7.14% to 63.26% more than the rural/flat setting. 19Simulations of various wind speeds in summer day(s) and the impact of seasonal changes to the RPSC 20 system were also conducted to investigate the deficiency factors to the system.

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Effect of high-albedo materials on pedestrian heat stress in urban street canyons

Cited by 250 publications

References 34 publications

Assessment and Mitigation Strategies to Counteract Overheating in Urban Historical Areas in Rome

Assessment and Mitigation Strategies to Counteract Overheating in Urban Historical Areas in Rome

Methods of trees evaluation with the site-specific effect for microclimate in urban environment: the case of study Nitra (Slovakia)

A study of the impact of building geometry on the thermal performance of road pavement solar collectors

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