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Vegetation formations are an important component in the urban structure, as they perform a wide range of ecosystem services there. The climate modification to improve the environmental and residential quality of the city is one of the important functions. The paper presents the results of the microclimate assessment in the chosen localities of Nitra town, Slovakia, with an emphasis on the stage and differences in air temperature and relative humidity. The climate elements were measured at 7 spatially different sites (sites A to G), each of them at two comparative sites, vegetation stand and open area. The largest average air temperature difference between the vegetation stand and the non-vegetation area was 1.2 °C at the locality D. The largest air temperature difference in the vegetation stands was measured between the street space (site E) and the city park (F), reaching 2.3–2.5 °C. The relative air humidity reached the highest differences between the park (locality F) and the street space (G) measured at 3:00–8:00. These reached 19.6% to 24.4% with higher relative humidity in the popular city park. The highest differences between the compared habitats were measured at locality G and averaged 9.6% at 04:00 – 07:00 in a preference to a tree canopy. The research results confirmed the importance of the vegetation structures in the process of mitigating the urban climate extremes and the environmental quality improving.

The morphological-evolutionary notions on oligomerization (i.e., reduction in numbers of segments) of the thoracic limbs and the first antenna in Copepoda Cyclopoida are examined in detail. It is shown that the process of oligomerization is correlated to a large extent with a decrease in body length. The oligomerization of the thoracic limbs is evolutionarily irreversible, thus capable of channeling the further pathways of morphological development. Consequently, its successive steps in phylogenetic lineages are considered to represent a kind of orthogenetic evolution. Les notions morphologiques-evolutionnaires sur l'oligomerisation (c'est-a-dire sur la reduction du nombre des segments) des pattes thoraciques et de la premiere antenne chez les Copepodes Cyclopoida sont examinees en detail. Il est montre que le processus d'oligomerisation est en correlation dans une large mesure avec une diminution de la longueur du corps. L'oligomerisation des pattes thoraciques est evolutionnairement irreversible, etant ainsi capable d'orienter le cours ulterieur du developpement morphologique. Par consequent, ses pas successifs dans les lignees phylogenetiques sont consideres comme representant une sorte d'evolution orthogenetique.

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