Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch fiber

Abstract

<p><span>Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are one of the palm oil industry wastes, which are quite plentiful and currently unused optimally. Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources which has important roles in the world. The bio-briquettes are manufactured through densification of waste biomass by implementing certain processes. This research aimed to obtain variations in the mold temperature at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC to the calorific value and toughness of the briquette material. The toughness was tested using ASTM D 440-86 R02 standard. Arduino program was used for setting the heating resistance time of the mold, which was 20 minutes and the thermal controller was used to adjust the temperature variation. The average mold pressure was 58 Psi. The highest heating value was obtained at a mold temperature of 250 ºC with a value of 5256 cal/g, and the lowest was resulted at a temperature of 150 ºC (4117 cal/g). Meanwhile, the briquette toughness test at 200 ºC mold temperature indicated good data results in which the average loss of fiber particles was only 4.17 %, this was because the adhesion between particles by lignin and cellulose in the fiber functions optimally at this temperature so that the resistance of briquettes went through minor damage.</span></p>

Utilization of grape waste with different moisture content as fuel briquettes

“…In determining the shatter index value, five briquettes in every replicate were dropped freely 10 times from a height of 1 m on a hard concrete floor in accordance with the standard, ASTM D 440–86 25 . The briquettes were weighed before and after the dropping process and the shatter index value was determined as a percentage (%) depending on the mass loss at the end of the test 26,27 …”

“…25 The briquettes were weighed before and after the dropping process and the shatter index value was determined as a percentage (%) depending on the mass loss at the end of the test. 26,27 The water resistance of briquettes was defined as the percentage of water absorbed by the briquette immersed in water. In this test, five briquettes in every replicates were immersed separately in water at 27 °C for 30 s. The water absorption resistance was determined as a percentage (%) depending on the increase in mass of the briquettes weighed before and after the immersion.…”

The Effect of Particle Size, Pressure, Holding Time and Drying Temperature to the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Briquettes

“…Research related to drying temperature and holding time has been carried out by [22] who used variations in heat temperatures (150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C) during the test with a holding time of 20 minutes for each temperature. During the holding time process, the heated fiber material will undergo a chemical and physical solidification process.…”