Effect of heat treatment on microstructural and optical properties of CBD grown Al-doped ZnO thin films

Chandramohan, R.; Vijayan, T. A.; Arumugam, S.; Ramalingam, H.B.; Dhanasekaran, V.; Sundaram, Kalpathy B.; Mahalingam, T.

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2010.10.017

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other research groups adapted this technique in due course [15][16][17]. Subsequently, this technique has been employed for deposit- ing thin films of Al:ZnO [19]. The evaluation of optical dispersions and other optical constants of semiconductors are of considerable importance for applications in integrated optic devices such as switches, filters and modulators, etc., where the refractive index of a material is the key parameter for device design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties evaluation of various substrates coated cupric oxide thin films by dip method

Dhanasekaran

Mahalingam

2012

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties evaluation of various substrates coated cupric oxide thin films by dip method

Dhanasekaran

Mahalingam

2012

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Extensive research work has been devoted recently to the preparation and characterization of ZnO: Al doped thin films, due to their large area of applications, such as transparent conductors, electronic devices, UV detectors, solar cells [1][2][3][4]. A significant improvement of the films conductivity has been achieved by doping with group III elements: B, Al, Ga, In.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-nanostructural and composition characterization of ZnO: Al doped films by SEM-EDX and HRTEM-EDX

Vasile

Plugaru

Mihaiu

et al. 2011

CAS 2011 Proceedings (2011 International Semiconductor Conference)

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We present the results of a structural and compositional investigation of Al-doped thin films obtained by sol-gel deposition on Si/SiO 2 substrates. Taking into consideration the layer by layer deposition process and that the films contain 1-10 successive layers, the evolution of structure and elemental composition, especially Al concentration in the films were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray analyses in the scanning and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Qualitative composition of the structures observed in the films have been evidenced in the elemental maps.

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“…[ 114 ] High performance ZnO:Al (AZO) fi lms with resistivity as low as 1-2 × 10 −4 Ω cm are deposited on industrial scale by magnetron sputtering [ 115 ] whereas ZnO:B (BZO) is grown by CVD. [ 116 ] Non-vacuum approaches for preparing conductive ZnO-based layers include sol-gel, [117][118][119] printing nanoparticle dispersions, [ 120,121 ] ED, [ 122 ] CBD, [123][124][125] SILAR, [126][127][128] and SP, [ 129 ] but high deposition or post-annealing temperatures of 300-600 °C are usually needed to achieve an adequate electrical resistivity in the range of low 10 −3 Ω cm. The solution growth of functional ZnO fi lms and nanostructures is reviewed by Lincot, [ 130 ] whereas the recent comprehensive review by Pasquarelli et al [ 131 ] summarizes available solution approaches for TCOs and alternative transparent conductors.…”

Section: Tco Front Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Solution‐Processed Chalcogenide Solar Cells – from Single Functional Layers Towards a 13.8% Efficient CIGS Device

Romanyuk

Hagendorfer

Stücheli

et al. 2014

Adv Funct Materials

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Solution processing of inorganic thin fi lms has become an important thrust in material research community because it offers low-cost and high-throughput deposition of various functional coatings and devices. Especially inorganic thin fi lm solar cells -macroelectronic devices that rely on consecutive deposition of layers on large-area rigid and fl exible substrates -could benefi t from solution approaches in order to realize their low-cost nature. This article critically reviews existing deposition approaches of functional layers for chalcogenide solar cells with an extension to other thin fi lm technologies. Only true solutions of readily available metal salts in appropriate solvents are considered without the need of pre-fabricated nanoparticles. By combining three promising approaches, an air-stable Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin fi lm solar cell with effi ciency of 13.8% is demonstrated where all constituent layers (except the metal back contact) are processed from solutions. Notably, water is employed as the solvent in all steps, highlighting the potential for safe manufacturing with high utilization rates. remarkable improvements in conversion effi ciency. [ 1 ] The highest effi ciency of 21.0% has been achieved for two thin fi lm technologies so far: Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) [ 2 ] and CdTe. [ 3 ] Remarkably, both CIGS and CdTe records are exceeding the highest value of 20.4% for the market leading polycrystalline silicon wafer technology. Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells are often considered as low-cost alternatives to CIGS and CdTe because they consist of only earth-abundant and nontoxic elements although the effi ciency is currently limited to 12.6% (12.7% not certifi ed). [ 4 ] Well-established dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) technology peak at 12.3% and 13.4%, respectively. [ 1 ] The most recent boom in TFPV -organometallic halide perovskite cells -has shown an incredible spurt by advancing effi ciency from below 5% to 17.9%(!) within just 3 years. [ 5 ] On the border to classical TFSC is the thin crystalline silicon technology that employs liftoff of 50-micrometer-thick Si wafers to yield up to 21.2%-efficient solar cells. [ 6 ] These massive research and development efforts in the fi eld of TFSC clearly refl ect their commercial value for manufacturing inexpensive effi cient solar modules -rigid or fl exible. Functional layers for the high effi ciency devices are deposited mostly in a batch-to-batch manner using vacuum-based methods such as evaporation, sputtering, or chemical vapor deposition. For example, Figure 1 exhibits a cross-section of a >20% effi cient CIGS solar cell in the so-called substrate confi guration, where 5 out of 6 functional layers are deposited by evaporation or sputtering. In this respect, non-vacuum deposition methods are often promoted as alternative approaches to reduce capital investment costs, offer fast roll-to-roll (R2R) processing and eventually reduce the PV module prices. Particularly desirable among non-vacuum approaches are solutionb...

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Effect of heat treatment on microstructural and optical properties of CBD grown Al-doped ZnO thin films

Cited by 54 publications

References 27 publications

Physical properties evaluation of various substrates coated cupric oxide thin films by dip method

Physical properties evaluation of various substrates coated cupric oxide thin films by dip method

Micro-nanostructural and composition characterization of ZnO: Al doped films by SEM-EDX and HRTEM-EDX

All Solution‐Processed Chalcogenide Solar Cells – from Single Functional Layers Towards a 13.8% Efficient CIGS Device

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