Effect of harvest dates on β-carotene content and forage quality of rye (Secale cereale L.) silage and hay

Abstract

Limited data about the effects of various factors on forage quality and β-carotene content of rye produced in Korea are available, so this study investigated the effects of two preservation methods. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days between April 25 and May 31, and comparisons were done among rye silage wilted for different periods of time and hay of three growth stages of rye. For the silage, dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents increased with advanced maturity of rye, whereas crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative feed value (RFV), and DM loss decreased ( p < 0.0001). Wilting increased the DM content and pH value significantly ( p < 0.0001). Silage harvested at the heading stage had the lowest pH value (4.45), propionic acid (0.83 g/kg DM), butyric acid (0 g/kg DM), and fungi and yeast populations (3.70 Log CFU/g of fresh matter [FM]); conversely, it had the highest lactic acid (9.7 g/kg DM), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (6.87 Log CFU/g of FM), total microorganisms (TM) (7.33 Log CFU/g of FM), and Flieg’s score (70) ( p < 0.0001). Wilting elevated LAB and TM populations, but it had no consistent effect on other fermentation products. Both delayed harvest and prolonged wilting decreased β-carotene content. Rye silage harvested around May 9 (heading stage) with 24 h of wilting was preferred for highland, Pyeongchang. For rye hay, advanced maturity decreased DM loss, IVDMD, TDN, and RFV, but it increased DM, ADF, and NDF significantly ( p < 0.05). β-carotene was decreased by delay of hay-making. Consequently, to attain lower DM loss and higher hay quality, the harvest date of May 9 (heading stage) is recommended.

Perfil fermentativo, calidad nutricional y estabilidad aerobia de ensilajes mezclados de hierba elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) y maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi)

“…El índice de Flieg demostró que ensilajes con hasta el 60% de inclusión de maní forrajero presentan excelente cualidad (escore > 81.0) según Dong et al (12). Por otro lado, el ensilaje con el 80% de maní forrajero presentó buena fermentación, con índice de Flieg entre 61-80 (30). Los ensilajes de leguminosas acostumbran a presentar índices de Flieg alrededor de 60,00, caracterizándose cómo ensilajes con preservación comprometida (23).…”

Effects of applying cellulase and starch on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage

“…Flieg’s score was calculated from the formula given by Zhang et al [ 15 ]. Lactic acid (LA) was determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (Agilent HPLC 1260, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, US) equipped with a UV detector (column: Agilent Hi-Plex H; mobile phase: 5 mmol/l H 2 SO 4 ; flow rate: 0.7 ml/min; temperature: 55°C); acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) were measured by gas chromatography (GC), the instrumental conditions were described according to Zhao et al [ 16 ].…”

Profitability of dual‐purpose rye cover crop as influenced by harvesting date

“…Helsel and Thomas (1987) reported greater NDF at dough stage compared with heading and indicated acid detergent fiber (ADF) and NDF were higher in later harvesting dates, while CP was lower as harvesting date was delayed. Zhao et al (2021) reported that as rye maturity increased, total digestible nutrient (TDN), relative feed value (RFV), and CP decreased.…”