Effect of HA Nanoparticles on Adsorption of Vitamin D3 on Super-Hydrophobic PA6 Nanofibrous Scaffold

Abstract

Vitamin D 3 has significant roles in bone growth and the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. The present study investigated the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles decoration onto polyamide-6 nanofibrous scaffold on adsorption behaviour of Vitamin D 3. To synthesize the nanofibrous scaffold, an electrospinning device was used, and the surface of the scaffold was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and measurement of the water contact angle. The antibacterial activity test against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria indicated no such activity of pristine and hydroxyapatite decorated scaffold. The results demonstrated that a hydrophobic and high porous scaffold was formed, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were distributed inside the polyamide-6 nanofibers homogenously. Results showed that the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles improved the adsorption efficiency of polyamide-6 scaffold. It was found that the amount of adsorbed Vitamin D 3 molecules onto the polyamide-6/HA scaffold was rapid during the first hour of immersion (24.4 ng.cm-3), then declined over the next 3 h, and eventually reached a stable percentage of about 10.3 ng.cm-3. This phenomenon appears to be related to the high adsorption potential of porosities and the hydrophobic nanofibers during the first stage of immersion and non-occupied hydroxyapatite ceramic sites during the final stage of immersion.

Hydrophilic Surface Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

“…On the other hand, hydrophilic functionalization is based on forming the whole spectrum of physical interactions such as hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions, which usually are unstable and impermanent [ 24 ]. Moreover, physical methods might adversely affect the fibers morphology [ 85 ].…”

“…This kind of functionalization improves cell capability to recognize the surface receptors and increases their attachment to the modified surface without changing the bulk properties of the material scaffold [ 85 ]. Compared to chemical methods, or blending, physical adsorption protects biomolecules from denaturation in the presence of a harmful environment of organic solvents, high temperature, or high voltage during the electrospinning process [ 94 ].…”

“…Viscous solutions might fill most of the pores in the electrospun mats, blocking its availability for the cells. Esfahani et al [ 85 ] modified polyamide-6 (PA6)/hydroxyapatite (HA) electrospun nanofibers with vitamin VD3 to enhance bone regeneration. Immersion in VD3 solution resulted in a dramatic increase in the fibers’ thickness, changes in fibers’ morphology, and blocking of pores after 1 h of immersion.…”

Recent Point of Care (PoC) Electrochemical Testing Trends of New Diagnostics Platforms for Vitamin D

“…The bioactive ceramic hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used in orthopedic surgery implants and artificial bone tissues. [58,60] In addition to exhibiting the chemical and mechanical stability of real bones, polymer/ HA composites may be fashioned into porous materials to accelerate the circulation of vital biochemical agents like VD 3 . [61,62] Polyamide-6 (PA6) is employed as the polymeric basis for several biocomposite scaffolds because of the significant chemical (such as durability inside the human body) and mechanical (such as tensile strength and toughness) qualities of polyamides.…”

“…This is because fillers and nanoclays may independently shrink to nanoscale. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] When looking for biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nano additives, nanoclays are a fantastic choice since, under the right dispersion conditions, they may be reduced to nanoscale by chemical processes and/ or extra mechanical pressures. The term "organoclays" refers to groups that have had their surfaces altered by organics.…”