Effect of gradual or abrupt cessation of milking at dry off on milk yield and somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation

Gott, Paige N; Rajala‐Schultz, Päivi J.; Schuenemann, G.M.; Proudfoot, Kathryn L.; Hogan, J.S.

doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11444

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Yield refers to milk, fat, or protein yield, as will be clear from the context. Yield in the subsequent lactation depends on performance in the current lactation, such as gestation length (Foote, 1981;Mur-Novales et al, 2018), lactational milk yield (e.g., Kuhn et al, 2005a;Pinedo et al, 2011;Cermakova et al, 2014), SCC at dry-off (Gott et al, 2017), milk yield at dry-off (Bach and Pont, 2017), and DIM at dry-off (Gill and Allaire, 1976;O'Connor and Oltenacu, 1988;Weber et al, 2015). Results from field studies could be vulnerable to influences by unpredictable confounding factors.…”

Section: Data Description and Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drying off high-yielding cows introduces unnecessary stress (Friggens et al, 2004). The risk of mastitis may also increase when high-yielding cows are dried off (Enevoldsen and Sørensen, 1992;Gott et al, 2017) due to increased udder pressure (Bertulat et al, 2013). Zhao et al (2019) also offer other physiological mechanisms triggered by cessation of milk production, which suggest that high-producing cows may need a longer dry period for a complete renewal of their mammary gland.…”

Section: Effects Of Dry Period Length On Yields In the Subsequent Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Piecewise modeling of the associations between dry period length and milk, fat, and protein yield changes in the subsequent lactation

Pattamanont

Marcondes

Clay

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Our objective was to develop predictive models of 305-d mature-equivalent milk, fat, and protein yields in the subsequent lactation as continuous functions of the number of days dry (DD) in the current lactation. In this retrospective cohort study with field data, we obtained DHIA milk recording lactation records with the last DD in 2014 or 2015. Cows included had DD from 21 to 100 d. After editing, 1,030,141 records from cows in 7,044 herds remained. Three parity groups of adjacent (current, subsequent) lactations were constructed. We conducted all analyses by parity group and yield component. We first applied control models to pre-adjust the yields in the subsequent lactation for potentially confounding effects. Control models included the covariates mature-equivalent yield, days open, somatic cell score at 180 d pregnant, daily yield at 180 d pregnant, and a herd-season random effect, all observed in the current lactation. Days dry was not included. Second, we modeled residuals from control models with smooth piecewise regression models consisting of a simple linear, quadratic, and another simple linear equation depending on DD. Yield deviations were calculated as differences from predicted matureequivalent yield at 50 DD. For validation, predictions of yield deviations from piecewise models by DD were compared with predictions from local regression for the DHIA field records and yield deviations reported in 38 experimental and field studies found in the literature. Control models reduced the average root mean squared prediction error by approximately 21%. Yield deviations were increasingly more negative for DD shorter than 50 d, indicating lower yields in the subsequent lactation. For short DD, the decrease in 305-d matureequivalent milk yield ranged from 43 to 53 kg per DD.For mature-equivalent fat and protein yields, decreases were between 1.28 and 1.71 kg per DD, and 1.06 and 1.50 kg per DD, respectively. Yield deviations often were marginally positive and increasing for DD >50, so that the highest yield in the subsequent lactation was predicted for 100 DD. For long DD, the 305-d matureequivalent milk yield increased at most 4.18 kg per DD. Patterns in deviations for fat and protein yield were similar to those for milk yield deviations. Predictions from piecewise models and local regressions were very similar, which supports the chosen functional form of the piecewise models. Yield deviations from field studies in the literature typically were decreasing when DD were longer, likely because of insufficient control for confounding effects. In conclusion, piecewise models of mature-equivalent milk, fat, and protein yield deviations as continuous functions of DD fit the observed data well and may be useful for decision support on the optimal dry period length for individual cows.

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Section: Data Description and Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Dry Period Length On Yields In the Subsequent Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piecewise modeling of the associations between dry period length and milk, fat, and protein yield changes in the subsequent lactation

Pattamanont

Marcondes

Clay

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The 2 drying-off methods assessed were abrupt and gradual cessation of milking. The sample size for the larger project was calculated based on expected differences in udder health parameters between the treatment groups (Gott et al, 2017). The study reported here was conducted in a single large Holstein herd, which was enrolled in the larger study.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of milk cessation method at dry-off on behavioral activity of dairy cows

Rajala‐Schultz

Gott

Proudfoot

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Drying cows off at the end of lactation is a routine management practice in dairy operations. Most dairies in the United States and many other countries dry cows off abruptly (e.g., stop milking cows on a set day), which has been shown to affect cow comfort. Gradually reducing milk production is another approach to dry cows off, routinely used in some countries and herds. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of abrupt and gradual milk cessation and milk yield at the time on cow activity after dry-off. Daily lying time, number of lying bouts per day, average lying bout length, and steps taken per day by abruptly and gradually dried-off cows were monitored by data loggers for 2 wk before and after the final milking at the end of lactation. Gradual cows were milked once daily for the last week of lactation, and abrupt cows were milked as usual (3×/d) until the end of lactation. Gradual cessation of milking significantly reduced milk yield by the day of dry-off. After dry-off, gradual cows tended to have longer lying bouts than abrupt cows, but no other differences in cow activity between the 2 treatments were observed. Regardless of the dry-off method, the average length of a lying bout decreased by 4 min and total daily lying time decreased by 19 min after dry-off for each 5-kg increase in milk yield before dry-off. Lying behavior of primiparous cows was more affected by the level of milk yield at dry-off than that of older cows. A reduction in lying times with increasing milk yield may indicate discomfort due to the accumulating milk in the udder. Using a method that lowers milk production before dry-off and managing primiparous and multiparous cows separately around dry-off are beneficial for cow comfort after dry-off.

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“…In Chapter 5 and 6, in order to reduce milk yield in the week before drying off, cows were fed a dry cow ration from 7 days before the drying off day and were gradually ceased through milking once daily from 4 days before the drying off day till drying off. In previous studies, gradual cessation of milk before drying off decreased or did not affect IMI across the DP or SCC in the subsequent lactation (Gott et al;Newman et al, 2010). Compared with a lactation ration, feeding a dry hay ration before drying off was associated with a lower prolactin concentration, which facilitate drying off, but also with a lower plasma glucose, and greater FFA and BHBA concentration (Ollier et al, 2014).…”

Section: Milk Yield In Previous Late Lactation Associated With Postpartum Udder Healthmentioning

confidence: 77%

Metabolic status, lactation persistency, and udder health of dairy cows after different dry period lengths

Hoeij¹

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Chapter 1 General introduction 7Chapter 2 The effect of dry period length and postpartum level of concentrate on milk production, energy balance and plasma metabolites of dairy cows across the dry period and in early lactation 35 Chapter 3 The relationship of plasma metabolites and lactogenic hormones with feeding behavior and activity in dairy cows after a short or omitted dry period 67 Chapter 4 Consequences of dietary energy source and energy level on energy balance, lactogenic hormones and lactation curve characteristics of cows after a short or omitted dry period 109 Chapter 5 Cow characteristics and their association with udder health after different dry period lengths Chapter 6 The effect of short or no dry period without use of dry cow antibiotics on udder health in the subsequent lactation Chapter 7 General discussion Summary & Nederlandse samenvatting Acknowledgements 263 Curriculum Vitae List of publications Training and supervision plan Colophon 285 General introduction CHAPTER 1

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Effect of gradual or abrupt cessation of milking at dry off on milk yield and somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Piecewise modeling of the associations between dry period length and milk, fat, and protein yield changes in the subsequent lactation

Piecewise modeling of the associations between dry period length and milk, fat, and protein yield changes in the subsequent lactation

Effect of milk cessation method at dry-off on behavioral activity of dairy cows

Metabolic status, lactation persistency, and udder health of dairy cows after different dry period lengths

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