Effect of experimental diabetes on mandible growth in rats

Abstract

The aim of the present work was to assess the effects of experimental diabetes on mandible growth in rats. Experimental diabetes was induced in rats, aged 26 d, by a single dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. of Streptozotocin (STZ). Thirty-one d post STZ or vehicle injection, the animals were killed. Mandibles were resected to determine Mandibular Skeletal Units dimensions (MSU) and overall mandible growth. Statistical analysis of results revealed, for STZ treated animals as compared to the control group: 1) a decrease in b.w.; 2) an increase in food intake; 3) an increase in glucemia (200%); 4) normal hemoglobin, creatinine and plasma urea values; 5) a reduction in growth of symphyseal (9%), coronoid (16%), and alveolar (13%) heights, condyloid (11%), angular (8%), and base (3%) lengths, and condyloid width (8%). Mandibular length (4%), height (8%) and length of base (6%) were significantly lower in diabetic animals as compared to the control group. No significant differences in length of symphyseal process, alveolar length and height of base were found between groups. Rats on a restricted diet, resulting in a decreased b.w., and the control group exhibited similar mandibular dimensions. These data show that STZ-induced diabetes reduces mandibular growth, resulting in some deformity of the structure.

The impact of type 1 diabetes on the development of the craniofacial mineralised tissues (bones and teeth): literature review

“…Mandibular length, height and length of the base were significantly lower in streptozotocin treated rats as compared with the control group. On the other hand no significant differences in the length of symphyseal process, alveolar length and height of the base were found in diabetic and control group [11]. El-Bialy et al [8] received similar results in clinical trials, investigating boys aged 14-16 years who had been diagnosed with juvenile diabetes at least 5 years before the study.…”

“…In the experimental research on rats with artificially induced diabetes with streptozotocin Giglio and Lama [11] showed a statistically significant reduction of mandibular growth in all dimensions compared with the control group, which in some individuals resulted in deformation of the mandible. The results showed a reduction in growth of symphyseal, coronoid, and alveolar heights, condyloid, angular, and base lengths, and condyloid width for diabetic animals.…”

“…There has been much less research on the specific effects of diabetes on craniofacial complex, the development of which is regulated by hormones, nutrients, mechanical forces (such as chewing of food) and local growth factors [1,11,22]. Therefore, the aim of the work was to investigate and collect reports on this topic by analysing bibliographic databases of PubMed.…”

The Effect of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on the Craniofacial Complex

“…Regulatory mechanisms responsible for normal morphogenesis of the face and head involve hormones, nutrients, mechanical forces, and various local growth factors. The poor growth and alterations in bone metabolism have been associated with T1DM in both humans and experimental animals (Giglio and Lama, 2001). It is of prime importance investigating the changes in craniofacial bone structure and dynamic bone formation in DM condition to explore the impact of the diabetic condition on various mandibular growth elements and bone quality.…”

“…Numerous experimental and clinical studies on the complications of diabetes mellitus have demonstrated extensive alterations in bone and mineral metabolism, linear growth, and body composition (Giglio and Lama, 2001). DM is a metabolic disorder characterized by disturbed glucose metabolism, manifesting primarily as chronic hyperglycemia.…”