Effect of Exercise on Gastric Emptying and Gastric Secretion

Ramsbottom, N.; Hunt, J. N.

doi:10.1159/000197517

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Eight studies measured GE using intubation techniques, four using scintigraphy, three by 13 C breath test and one using ultrasonography (Table 1). Of those that used intubation methods, two studies used a double sampling technique [45,58] and in the other six studies the stomach was evacuated at a single time point [42,43,47,49,60,61]. One study using a double sampling technique reported half-time only [58] and the other reported volume remaining every 10 minutes for 60 minutes [45].…”

Section: Participant Characteristics and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time of stomach evacuation in intubation studies ranged from 15 to 120 minutes (median = 60 min). Six studies that used intubation techniques also measured gastric secretions [42,43,47,49,60,61]. One study did not state whether secretion was measured [58] and one study involving intermittent sprint exercise was unable to estimate secretions [45].…”

Section: Participant Characteristics and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, a number of studies have examined the acute effects of exercise on GE. The majority of evidence suggests that GE is delayed during strenuous exercise [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] and accelerated [29,43,47] or unchanged [48,49] during mild to moderate exercise. However, to the best of our knowledge, the influence of variables which may moderate the relationship between exercise and GE have yet to be systematically examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Exercise and Gastric Emptying: A Meta-Analysis and Implications for Appetite Control

et al. 2014

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These results suggest that exercise intensity, mode, duration and the nature of meal/fluid ingested all influence GE during and after acute exercise. The relationship of GE parameters with appetite regulation after exercise remains largely unexplored. Further integrative studies combining GE and alterations in gut hormones, as well as in populations such as overweight and obese individuals are needed.

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Section: Participant Characteristics and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participant Characteristics and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Exercise and Gastric Emptying: A Meta-Analysis and Implications for Appetite Control

et al. 2014

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“…In contrast, in this study, glucose concentrations fell below baseline within a comparable time frame with exercise. Furthermore, plasma glucagon concentrations gently rose after the anticipated postprandial fall (34). These changes led to a gradual change in rates of EGP with a more rapid decline in rates of R d after reaching their nadir and peak values, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although we did not directly measure rates of gastric emptying during exercise in the current study, MR a could be an effective surrogate measure of gastric emptying rates in otherwise healthy adults with normal gastric emptying rates. Prior reports on the direct effects of exercise on rates of gastric emptying have been conflicting, with reports demonstrating either delayed (29,30,34,36) or no effects (7, 15) on gastric emptying rates in healthy adults. It is possible that the timing of exercise in relation to the meal is an important determinant of MR a .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial glucose fluxes and insulin sensitivity during exercise: A study in healthy individuals

Schiavon

Mallad

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Quantifying the effect size of acute exercise on insulin sensitivity (SI exercise) and simultaneous measurement of glucose disappearance (R d), endogenous glucose production (EGP), and meal glucose appearance in the postprandial state has not been developed in humans. To do so, we studied 12 healthy subjects [5 men, age 37.1 Ϯ 3.1 yr, body mass index 24.1 Ϯ 1.1 kg/m 2 , fat-free mass (FFM) 50.9 Ϯ 3.9 kg] during moderate exercise at 50% V O2max for 75 min, 120 -195 min after a triple-tracer mixed meal consumed at time 0. Tracer infusion rates were adjusted to achieve constant tracer-to-tracee ratio and minimize non-steadystate errors. Glucose turnover was estimated by accounting for the nonstationary kinetics introduced by exercise. Insulin sensitivity index was calculated in each subject both in the absence [time (t) ϭ 0 -120 min, SI rest] and presence (t ϭ 0 -360 min, SIexercise) of physical activity. EGP at t ϭ 0 min (13.4 Ϯ 1.1 M·kg FFM Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ) fell at t ϭ 120 min (2.4 Ϯ 0.4 M·kg FFM Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ) and then rapidly rose almost eightfold at t ϭ 180 min (18.2 Ϯ 2.6 M·kg FFM Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ) before gradually falling at t ϭ 360 min (10.6 Ϯ 0.9 M·kg FFM Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ). Rd rapidly peaked at t ϭ 120 min at the start of exercise (89.5 Ϯ 11.6 M·kg FFM Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ) and then gradually declined at t ϭ 195 min (26.4 Ϯ 3.3 M·kg FFM Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 ) before returning to baseline at t ϭ 360 min. SI exercise was significantly higher than SI rest (21.6 Ϯ 3.7 vs. 12.5 Ϯ 2.0 10 Ϫ4 dl·kg Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 per U/ml, P Ͻ 0.0005). Glucose turnover was estimated for the first time during exercise with the triple-tracer technique. Our results, applying stateof-the-art techniques, show that moderate exercise almost doubles postprandial insulin sensitivity index in healthy subjects.oral minimal model; exercise; insulin sensitivity IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THAT exercise increases rates of glucose uptake (R d ) and that rates of endogenous glucose production (EGP) must increase to meet the increased metabolic demands of the exercising muscle to prevent hypoglycemia (13,16,38,40). These changes in glucose fluxes are facilitated by falling insulin and rising glucagon and catecholamine levels during exercise in healthy individuals (43). Although numerous studies have demonstrated increased R d and EGP during physical activity in individuals with and without diabetes (19,25) in the postabsorptive state, very few have examined the effects of exercise in the postprandial state in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (8, 9, 23, 26 -28) and none in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, very few studies (12) have used methods that minimize fluctuations in tracer-totracee specific activity to enable accurate continuous (every 10 min) measurement of glucose turnover and during the transition from rest to exercise in nondiabetic subjects. This latter point is important when developing a mathematical model for the next-generation artificial pancreas for type 1 diabetes.Models of insulin action and secretion in response to physiological perturbations...

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Effects of Gravity on Gastric Emptying, Intestinal Transit, and Drug Absorption

Amidon

DeBrincat

Najib

1991

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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The effects of microgravity on the physiologic response of the human body, the physical properties of gastrointestinal contents, and the influence these responses have on drug absorption are becoming more and more critical as the duration of humans in the hostile space environment dramatically increases. In this environment, some conventional oral dosage forms may be severely limited as an effective drug regimen. To understand the effects of microgravity, one must first understand the basic forces acting on a particle moving through a walled-tube such as the small intestine: gravity (FG), buoyancy (FB), and drag (FD). These forces can be combined and rearranged into a dimensionless ratio of gravitational forces to viscous forces. This is the most important dimensionless group influencing the motion of a particle relative to the fluid. Gastric emptying is highly influenced by several factors: volume, calories, exercise, size, density, temperature, viscosity, osmolality as well as those factors associated with physiologic responses: splanchnic blood flow, body position, and electrolyte balance. This array of factors can lead to variability in drug plasma levels. In the absence of gravity, the factors of size and density would appear to be most directly altered due to their dependence on the force of gravity. Intestinal transit rate in a gravity environment is highly dependent on the motility state of the GI tract either fasted or fed partly due to the higher viscosities of chyme in the fed state. In space, the absence of gravity may tend to increase the transit rate along the small intestine by decreasing the dimensionless ratio of gravitational forces to viscous forces. In zero gravity, therefore, these alterations in GI emptying and intestinal transit rate could lead to erratic plasma levels and inefficient absorption.

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Effect of Exercise on Gastric Emptying and Gastric Secretion

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Acute Exercise and Gastric Emptying: A Meta-Analysis and Implications for Appetite Control

Acute Exercise and Gastric Emptying: A Meta-Analysis and Implications for Appetite Control

Postprandial glucose fluxes and insulin sensitivity during exercise: A study in healthy individuals

Effects of Gravity on Gastric Emptying, Intestinal Transit, and Drug Absorption

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