Effect of Eriobotrya japonica Seed Extract on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Mucositis in Hamsters

Abstract

Frequent/massive administration of anticancer agents frequently causes mucositis. This condition involves the entire oral cavity in many cases, inducing pain and hemorrhage. Therefore, it decreases dietary intake, markedly reducing the quality of life (QOL). [1][2][3] In addition, severe mucositis influences the administration schedule of anticancer agents, affecting cancer treatment. Thus, it is important to prevent and treat chemotherapy-induced mucositis.Chemotherapy-induced mucositis is associated with two factors. [4][5][6] First, free radicals produced by anticancer agents act on the oral mucosa as oxidative stress, destroying the mucosal tissue and causing mucositis. Secondly, the oral cavity enters an infection-prone state via the bone marrow-suppressing effects of anticancer agents, resulting in mucositis via bacterial infection. However, actually, these two factors may be intricately involved. Therefore, it is important to inhibit excessive anticancer agent-related oxidative stress and prevent bacterial infection in the oral cavity, for the prevention and treatment of mucositis.Currently, chemotherapy-induced mucositis is being investigated in clinical practice. Several studies have reported that gargling with antioxidants, cryotherapy in which the development of free radicals in the oral cavity is prevented by reducing oral mucosal transfer of anticancer agents, and maintenance of a clean oral cavity achieved specific effects. [7][8][9][10] However, it is difficult to prevent and treat chemotherapyinduced mucositis, and symptomatic therapy is mainly performed in clinical practice. Thus, strategies against chemotherapy-induced mucositis should be established.Eriobotrya japonica seed extract (ESE), which was used in this study, was extracted from Eriobotrya japonica seeds with 70% EtOH. We previously confirmed that this extract contained various substances such as polyphenols, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids 11,12) ( Fig. 1). Furthermore, an in vitro study demonstrated the radical-scavenging actions of ESE. 11) In several in vivo studies, ESE was useful for treating rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatopathy, a rat nephropathy model prepared by administering adriamycin, an anticancer agent, and a rat inflammation model prepared by administering lipopolysaccharide comprising Gram-negative bacteria. We confirmed that these effects were achieved via the antioxidant actions of ESE. 12-14)These results suggest that ESE exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, and that this extract is useful for treating chemotherapy-induced mucositis. In this study, we investigated the effects of ESE using a hamster mucositis model prepared by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsSufficiently sun-drided seeds of Mogi-loquant collected at Muroto and Susaki cities in Kochi Prefecture and Shimotsucho in Wakayama Prefecture of Japan were used. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was provided by Kyowahakko (Japan). All other chemicals were of reagent grade.Preparation of ESE Eriobotrya...

Newly Developed Synbiotics and the Chemotherapy-Damaged Gut

“…120 Plasma lipid peroxide levels were also decreased significantly in the same group. 120 Moreover, in a clinical trial, the severity of radiation-induced mucositis was attenuated in patients, as measured by significantly decreased serum interleukin-6 levels, following gargling and ingestion of indigowood root (Isatis indigotica Fort.). 121 In summary, certain plant extracts such as grape seed extract and Iberogast have revealed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on chemotherapy-induced mucositis.…”

Ameliorative effects of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on cellular aging in cultured rat fibroblasts

“…E. japonica seeds were extracted by 70% ethanol, as reported previously [3,8,9]. Briefly, E. japonica seeds (1.0 kg) were crushed in a blender equipped with a refrigerator at 1,000 rpm and then continuously stirred by a mixer at 300 rpm for 7 days after immersion in 70% ethanol.…”

“…The seeds also contain unsaturated fatty acids and vegetable sterols such as b-sitosterol [3]. Some of these compounds are biologically active, exhibiting antiallergic activity [5,6], antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects [5,[7][8][9], hypoglycemic activity [10], and ameliorative effects on hepatopathy [11] and nephropathy [12]. These effects are mainly achieved through the antioxidative activity of compounds in the seeds [12].…”

Eriobotrya japonica seed extract and deep sea water protect against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

“…[22], sterols (b-sitosterol) [22], and polyphenols (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, etc.) [20,25], we speculate that polyphenols, which capture oxygen radicals such as OHÁ and O 2 Á-as radical scavengers, b-sitosterol, which protects cells by suppressing the overproduction of active oxygen species in various cells, and amino acids with biological function balancing effects are involved in complex manners. For the pharmaceutical preparation of ESE, we are evaluating deep sea water (DSW) as its vehicle.…”