Eriobotrya japonica seed extract and deep sea water protect against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

Abstract

We have previously reported that Eriobotrya japonica seed extract (ESE) is effective for the treatment of various gastric mucosal injuries. For the pharmaceutical preparation of ESE, we are evaluating deep sea water (DSW), which contains trace elements and has a homeostasis-enhancing effect, as the solvent. In this study, we prepared DSW containing ESE (ESE + DSW) and evaluated its usefulness for the prevention of gastric mucosal injuries using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced acute gastric mucosal injury models in male Wistar/ST rats. Gastric mucosal injury models were prepared by administering indomethacin at 30 mg/kg orally to the rats after a 24-h fast. ESE was prepared by a routine procedure and administered at the same concentration as in the administration to humans. The rats were divided into the following 6 groups: ESE, DSW, ESE + DSW, tap water (control), rebamipide (positive control), or untreated. Gastric mucosal injuries were evaluated by measuring the injury area, lipid peroxide (LPO) level, antioxidative enzyme level, and volume of mucus. The injury area and LPO levels in plasma and gastric tissue were significantly reduced in the ESE and ESE + DSW groups compared with the control and DSW group. The plasma and gastric tissue antioxidative enzyme levels were significantly higher in the ESE and ESE + DSW groups than in the control group. These results suggest that DSW, when combined with ESE, inhibits antioxidative enzymes, and enhances the gastric mucosal protecting effect of ESE.

Gastroprotective Effects of DAS-77 (a Phytomedicine) in Ulcer Models in Rats

“…Hence, the effect of DAS-77 may be mediated by the inhibition of the generation of these principles. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce gastric mucosal injuries as side-effect [18] due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme. This leads to the suppression of prostaglandins production and disruption of gastric mucosal protective system [19].…”

“…There is an increase in generation of ROS during stress leading to oxidative damage. Oxidative stress is considered to cause gastric mucosal injuries [18] and it has been reported that vitamins, polyphenols and flavonoids ameliorate gastric mucosal injuries due to their antioxidant effects [21]. Polyphenols also suppress the neutrophil-endothelial cell system in addition to their antioxidant activity [18].…”

“…Oxidative stress is considered to cause gastric mucosal injuries [18] and it has been reported that vitamins, polyphenols and flavonoids ameliorate gastric mucosal injuries due to their antioxidant effects [21]. Polyphenols also suppress the neutrophil-endothelial cell system in addition to their antioxidant activity [18]. The increase in the level of GSH and corresponding reduction in MDA produced by DAS-77 in this study suggest that its antiulcer activity may be partly associated with enhancement of free radical scavenging activity and possibly suppression of the neutrophil-endothelial cell system.…”

“…The increase in the level of GSH and corresponding reduction in MDA produced by DAS-77 in this study suggest that its antiulcer activity may be partly associated with enhancement of free radical scavenging activity and possibly suppression of the neutrophil-endothelial cell system. Oxidative stress is also thought to play a major role in NSAIDs-induced gastric mucosal injuries due to reactive oxygen species generated by the administration of NSAIDs [18]. It has been reported that gastric mucosal injuries due to NSAIDs can be prevented by reactive oxygen scavengers such as superoxide dismutase and catalase and administration of antioxidant agents such as polyphenols [18,22].…”

“…Oxidative stress is also thought to play a major role in NSAIDs-induced gastric mucosal injuries due to reactive oxygen species generated by the administration of NSAIDs [18]. It has been reported that gastric mucosal injuries due to NSAIDs can be prevented by reactive oxygen scavengers such as superoxide dismutase and catalase and administration of antioxidant agents such as polyphenols [18,22].…”