Abstract:A laboratory surfactant‐polymer flooding experiment was performed to study the effect of emulsification on surfactant partitioning. The partition coefficient of petroleum sulfonates (KPS) after emulsification was significantly higher than that under static conditions. The partition coefficient of KPS gradually decreases with the increase of polymer concentration from 1000–3000 mg L−1, indicating that the increase of polymer concentration could protect KPS from the partition loss of emulsification. The lower th… Show more
“…Cohesive energy density is the energy required for a mixture to overcome intermolecular forces per unit volume, which can be used to evaluate the size of intermolecular forces and reflect the interaction between groups. − The change in the cohesion energy of the oil phase also helps to understand the mechanism of activity change at the oil/water interface. In system C12/W, the cohesion intensity of oil molecules is large and changes little with time during the kinetic process.…”
In this paper, 0D nanoparticles (SiO 2 nanoparticles modified by hydroxyl and pentyl active agents), 1D nanotubes (carbon nanotubes modified by carboxyl and pentyl active agents), and 2D nanosheets (graphene nanosheets modified by carboxylic acid chains and pentyl active agents) were constructed after comparative analysis. Then, the microscopic mechanism of different dimensional nanomaterials affecting the performance of surfactants was expounded by molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that only 0D nanoparticles and 2D nanosheets can synergize with the zwitterionic surfactant dodecyl dimethyl carboxyl betaine (BS-12), and the synergistic effect of graphene nanosheets modified with the carboxylic acid chain and pentane active agent is stronger than that of BS-12 alone. After the combination of modified nanoparticles and nanosheets with BS-12, the oil/water interfacial tension was reduced to 13.58 and 4.15 mN/m, respectively. The analysis of the microscopic action mechanism shows that when the modified nanoparticles and nanosheets were added, the total thickness of the oil/water interface layer, the monolayer thickness of the surfactant BS-12, and the interface formation energy of the oil−water system also increased to varying degrees. Second, the cohesive strength of oil molecules in the system (E = −554.98 kcal/mol) was much lower than that in the oil−water system (E = −735.84 kcal/mol) after the modified nanosheets were used in combination with BS-12. Finally, the analysis results of the radial distribution function and the structure of the polar group hydration layer show that the modified nanosheets and BS-12 have strong hydration with water molecules. In general, we studied the interfacial properties of oil−water mixed solutions containing active agent materials. The results show that the graphene oxide nanosheets grafted with carboxylic acid surfactants and alkane surfactants have superior interface properties, which provide a broader prospect for the experiment and practical application of grafted nanomaterials.
“…Cohesive energy density is the energy required for a mixture to overcome intermolecular forces per unit volume, which can be used to evaluate the size of intermolecular forces and reflect the interaction between groups. − The change in the cohesion energy of the oil phase also helps to understand the mechanism of activity change at the oil/water interface. In system C12/W, the cohesion intensity of oil molecules is large and changes little with time during the kinetic process.…”
In this paper, 0D nanoparticles (SiO 2 nanoparticles modified by hydroxyl and pentyl active agents), 1D nanotubes (carbon nanotubes modified by carboxyl and pentyl active agents), and 2D nanosheets (graphene nanosheets modified by carboxylic acid chains and pentyl active agents) were constructed after comparative analysis. Then, the microscopic mechanism of different dimensional nanomaterials affecting the performance of surfactants was expounded by molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that only 0D nanoparticles and 2D nanosheets can synergize with the zwitterionic surfactant dodecyl dimethyl carboxyl betaine (BS-12), and the synergistic effect of graphene nanosheets modified with the carboxylic acid chain and pentane active agent is stronger than that of BS-12 alone. After the combination of modified nanoparticles and nanosheets with BS-12, the oil/water interfacial tension was reduced to 13.58 and 4.15 mN/m, respectively. The analysis of the microscopic action mechanism shows that when the modified nanoparticles and nanosheets were added, the total thickness of the oil/water interface layer, the monolayer thickness of the surfactant BS-12, and the interface formation energy of the oil−water system also increased to varying degrees. Second, the cohesive strength of oil molecules in the system (E = −554.98 kcal/mol) was much lower than that in the oil−water system (E = −735.84 kcal/mol) after the modified nanosheets were used in combination with BS-12. Finally, the analysis results of the radial distribution function and the structure of the polar group hydration layer show that the modified nanosheets and BS-12 have strong hydration with water molecules. In general, we studied the interfacial properties of oil−water mixed solutions containing active agent materials. The results show that the graphene oxide nanosheets grafted with carboxylic acid surfactants and alkane surfactants have superior interface properties, which provide a broader prospect for the experiment and practical application of grafted nanomaterials.
“…57 As the concentration of polymers rises, the partition coefficient of the surfactant decreased, which ensured that the working distance of SP flooding increases. 58 Figure 5.Schematic diagram of the mechanism of the effect of polymers on emulsion stability. 11 …”
Section: Polymers For Sp Floodingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…57 As the concentration of polymers rises, the partition coefficient of the surfactant decreased, which ensured that the working distance of SP flooding increases. 58 At the same time, polymer microspheres were used for SP compound flooding. 10 The polymer microspheres have a good blocking effect, as the particle size increases from about 6 μm to 50 μm after swelling (Figure 6).…”
With the depletion of conventional resources, it is necessary to enhance the recovery of remaining oil. The tertiary oil recovery chemical flooding is the most promising for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The use of alkali in chemical flooding produces fouling with the formation, which brings new challenges to chemical flooding EOR. So, alkali-free surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding is used as a new solution for EOR. The polymer makes the displacing fluid have a high viscosity and increases the swept volume. The surfactant can decrease the interfacial tension and emulsify the crude oil while the displacing fluid reaches the corresponding area. The synergistic effect of the two is more conducive to the recovery of the remaining oil. As a result, SP flooding is a more practical approach to enhance oilfield EOR. The research status of several surfactant and polymer types for EOR is reported in this work. According to the study, complex and anionic surfactants are better for EOR. For difficult formations, SP flooding is more suited because of the presence of polymers. Additionally, study analysis demonstrates that SP flooding and alternative polymer injection, when employed at the same cost, can enhance EOR and assist in resolving issues brought on by low oil prices.
“…The study of surfactant‐polymer mixed system began when investigating the interaction between proteins and anionic surfactants. The anionic surfactant and the protein were mixed to form a mixed system, leading to the change of the spatial structure of the protein (Li et al, 1996). Inspired by the interesting results, many studies have been focused on the interaction of ionic surfactants with non‐ionic polymers and ionic polymers.…”
The mixed system of sodium cocoyl glycinate and sodium hyaluronate (HA) with different mass concentrations and relative molecular weights was investigated by the surface tension method. All the curves of surface tension versus logarithm of concentration (γ‐lgc curves) of sodium cocoyl glycinate‐HA mixed system displayed the properties of double platform. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of sodium cocoyl glycinate was 1.690 g/L at 25°C. The two inflection points of the γ‐lgc curves corresponding to the cocoyl glycine‐HA mixed system were cac (the critical aggregation concentration) and cmce (the extended cmc of sodium cocoyl glycinate), and cac < cmce < cmc. With the change of the mass concentration and relative molecular weight of HA, the cac values were almost constant. However, cmce increased with the increase of the mass concentration of HA at the same HA molecular weight. For the HA of molecular weight of 800 and 260000 Da, the mass concentration of HA increased from 0.05 to 0.4 g/L, and the cmce value increased from 1.199 to 1.390 g/L and 1.102 to 1.330 g/L, respectively. When the mass concentration of HA remained the same, the change in the relative molecular weight of HA had little effect on the cmce value. For the mixed system of sodium cocoyl glycine −0.1 g/L HA, when the concentration of NaCl was 2 g/L, the salt enhancement effect was dominant. When the concentration of NaCl was 4 to 8 g/L, the salt weakening effect was dominant. It is indicated that HA can improve the chemical properties of sodium cocoyl glycinate at a certain concentration, thus improving the cleaning, foaming, and foam stability of sodium cocoyl glycinate.
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