Effect of egg storage duration and brooding temperatures on chick growth, intestine morphology and nutrient transporters

Abstract

The effects of egg storage duration (ESD) and brooding temperature (BT) on BW, intestine development and nutrient transporters of broiler chicks were investigated. A total of 396 chicks obtained from eggs stored at 18°C for 3 days (ESD3-18°C) or at 14°C for 14 days (ESD14-14°C) before incubation were exposed to three BTs. Temperatures were initially set at 32°C, 34°C and 30°C for control (BT-Cont), high (BT-High) and low (BT-Low) BTs, respectively. Brooding temperatures were decreased by 2°C each at days 2, 7, 14 and 21. Body weight was measured at the day of hatch, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42. Cloacal temperatures of broilers were recorded from 1 to 14 days. Intestinal morphology and gene expression levels of H + -dependent peptide transporter (PepT1) and Na-dependent glucose (SGLT1) were evaluated on the day of hatch and 14. Cloacal temperatures of chicks were affected by BTs from days 1 to 8, being the lowest for BT-Low chicks. BT-High resulted in the heaviest BWs at 7 days, especially for ESD14-14°C chicks. This result was consistent with longer villus and larger villus area of ESD14-14°C chicks at BT-High conditions. From 14 days to slaughter age, BT had no effect on broiler weight. ESD3-18°C chicks were heavier than ESD14-14°C chicks up to 28 days. The PepT1 and SGLT1 expression levels were significantly higher in ESD3-18°C chicks than ESD14-14°C on the day of hatch. There was significant egg storage by BT interaction for PepT1 and SGLT1 transporters at day 14. ESD14-14°C chicks had significantly higher expression of PepT1 and SGLT1 at BT-Low than those at BT-Cont. ESD14-14°C chicks upregulated PepT1 gene expression 1.15 and 1.57-fold at BT-High and BT-Low, respectively, compared with BT-Cont, whereas PepT1 expression was downregulated 0.67 and 0.62-fold in ESD3-18°C chicks at BT-High and BT-Low. These results indicated that pre-incubation egg storage conditions and BTs affected intestine morphology and PepT1 and SGLT1 nutrient transporters expression in broiler chicks.

Interactions between Egg Storage Duration and Breeder Age on Selected Egg Quality, Hatching Results, and Chicken Quality

“…The negative impact of prolonged storage duration on hatchability was reported by several authors [ 4 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. It can be explained in part by morphological changes in the blastoderm [ 60 , 61 , 62 ] with increased cell apoptosis and necrosis [ 63 ] during storage.…”

“…These results agree with those of Reijrink et al [ 5 ], who noted that hatchlings after 4 days of storage were 0.1 cm longer and had 0.5 more grams of YFBM than hatchlings after 14 days of storage. Yalcin et al [ 58 ] also reported a decrease by −1.6 g of the hatchling weight when the storage duration was extended from 3 d to 14 d. Goliomytis et al [ 76 ] noted also, that 1-day-old chick BW and length were linearly negatively correlated with egg storage length. It can be suggested that due to the lower yolk sac utilization (also reflected in a lower yolk efficiency), less energy is available for the developing embryo and less energy can be deposited in organs, resulting in lower organ percentages.…”

Interactions between egg storage duration and broiler breeder age on egg fat content, chicken organ weights, and growth performance

“…(2004) noted also the absence of difference between intestine percentages with 7-day-old chickens from nonstored eggs, whereas Yalcin et al. (2016 , 2017) reported that a prolonged egg storage duration (14 vs. 3 D) negatively affected intestinal morphology. A larger villus width (+3.4 cm) and area (+6.5∗10 −2 μm 2 ) in the jejunum of hatchlings from eggs stored for 3 D was noted compared with eggs stored for 14 D ( Yalcin et al., 2017 ).…”

How Egg Storage Duration Prior to Incubation Impairs Egg Quality and Chicken Embryonic Development: Contribution of Imaging Technologies

“…Long storage also affects the ability of the embryo to resume development once incubated, while embryos that survive long storage treatment undergo delayed hatching by several hours ( Christensen et al, 2002 ; Tona et al, 2003a ; Tona et al, 2003b ). Long storage of eggs can affect the intestinal morphology of the chicks, the expression of nutrient transporters ( Yalcin et al, 2016 ; Yalcin et al, 2017 ), chick immunocompetence ( Goliomytis et al, 2015 ) and hormonal metabolism ( Tona et al, 2003b ). Long storage may also have long-term negative effects on the quality and physiology of hatched chicks ( Tona et al, 2003a ; Tona et al, 2003b ; Reijrink et al, 2010 ; Yalcin et al, 2017 ; Mróz et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Long storage of eggs can affect the intestinal morphology of the chicks, the expression of nutrient transporters ( Yalcin et al, 2016 ; Yalcin et al, 2017 ), chick immunocompetence ( Goliomytis et al, 2015 ) and hormonal metabolism ( Tona et al, 2003b ). Long storage may also have long-term negative effects on the quality and physiology of hatched chicks ( Tona et al, 2003a ; Tona et al, 2003b ; Reijrink et al, 2010 ; Yalcin et al, 2017 ; Mróz et al, 2019 ).…”