Effect of Diets Supplemented with Different Levels of Manganese, Zinc, and Copper from their Organic or Inorganic Sources on Egg Production and Quality Characteristics in Laying Hens

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc, manganese, and copper sources (inorganic vs. organic) in the diet on laying performance and eggshell quality characteristics. One hundred and eighty Hy-Line W-36 layers at 38 weeks of age were allocated to 36-layer cages of five hens each. Each six cages were randomly assigned to one of the six experimental diets fed from 38 to 53 week of age. In three experimental treatments, the basal diet was supplemented with 65-75-7 or 65-75-7 or 40-40-7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, from their oxide or sulfate sources. Three other groups were fed diets supplemented with 20-20-3.5 or 40-40-7.5 or 60-60-10.5 mg/kg of organic forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively. Dietary treatments significantly did affect feed intake (P < 0.001), feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001) and percentage of broken eggs (P < 0.05). Substitution of Zn and Mn oxides (65 and 75 mg kg(-1), respectively) with equal amounts of their sulfate forms significantly improved feed intake, feed conversion ratio, percentage of broken eggs, and Haugh Unit (P < 0.05). In addition, laying hens maintained their performance when substitution of Zn and Mn oxides and Cu sulfate (65, 75, and 7 mg kg(-1), respectively) reduced up to 20, 20, and 3.5 mg kg(-1) by amino acid complexes of the microelements. The results showed that a corn-soybean diet supplemented with the organic forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu at a dosage 50% to 75% lower than NRC recommendation is sufficient to maintain laying performance and can improve eggshell and albumen qualities of the egg in laying hens.

Effects of feed supplementation with manganese from its different sources on performance and egg parameters of laying hens

“…Swiatkiewicz and Koreleski (2008) found no differences in the laying performance between hens fed diets with organic and inorganic sources of Mn. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that organic Mn supplementation of feed for laying hens has the potential to improve the production, weight, and quality of eggs (Gheisari et al, 2011). In general, the literature dealing with effects of Mn supplementation on performance parameters of laying hens gives inconsistent outcomes.…”

Effect of the Inclusion of Organic Copper, Manganese, And Zinc in The Diet of Layers on Mineral Excretion, Egg Production, and Eggshell Quality

“…Several authors reported egg quality and performance maintenance or improvement with the addition organic trace minerals in the diet of laying hens (Fernandes et al, 2008;Saldanha et al, 2009;Maciel et al, 2010;Gheisari et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2012;Figueiredo Júnior et al, 2013). However, few studies have evaluated their mineral excretion.…”

Effects of dietary organic or inorganic manganese, zinc, copper and chrome supplementation on the performance, egg quality and hatching characteristics of laying breeder hens

“…In addition, egg shape index and eggshell thickness (8,34) or haugh unit (8,24) were not influenced by supplemental dietary organic Cr levels (0.10 to 0.80 mg/kg). Gheisari et al (11) showed that a corn-soybean diet supplemented with the organic forms of Zn, Mn and Cu at a dosage 50 % to 75 % lower than available levels is sufficient to maintain performance and egg quality characteristics in laying hens. On the other hand, Maciel et al (20) recorded that when compared with inorganic form, organic trace minerals (Zn+Mn+Cu) decreased the damaged egg rate.…”