Effect of dietary sunflower oil and coconut oil on adipose tissue gene expression, fatty acid composition and serum lipid profile of grower pigs

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess whether the partial replacement of feed energy by vegetable oils containing high medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) would modify lipogenic gene expression and other parameter of fat metabolism in pigs. Eighteen pigs (17-19 kg body weight) received one of three experimental diets for 60 days (six animals per group): (i) Control diet; (ii) a diet with sunflower oil (SO) or (iii) a diet with coconut oil (CO). In diets SO and CO, 10% of the feed energy was replaced by the respective oils. The experimental treatment did not influence the performance of the pigs. In blood serum, an increased content of total cholesterol was observed for SO and CO fed animals, whereas no significant changes for total triglycerides and different lipoprotein fractions were detected. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue was significantly modified, with an increased content of MCFA and n-6 PUFA in CO and SO fed pigs, respectively. The gene expression for fatty acid synthase was decreased for SO and CO fed pigs; for stearoyl CoA desaturase and sterol regulatory element binding protein, a depression was observed in SO but not in CO fed pigs. The results of present study suggest that the type of dietary fat can modulate the adipose tissue gene expression and fatty acid composition differentially, with minimal effect on serum lipid profile.

Fatty acid composition, fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression and performance of broiler fed diet supplemented with different sources of oil

“…A similar finding was observed by Clarke and Jump () who reported that dietary PUFA inhibits more hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis than feeds containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. These results are also consistent with Harihara Iyer et al () and Sandeep et al () who reported that FAS mRNA levels were lower when pigs were fed with sunflower‐ and coconut oil‐based feeds and cattle were fed corn oil, respectively, and these result indicated that n‐6 PUFA may reduce lipogenesis in porcine and bovine adipose tissue. Sanz et al () observed that addition of SO in broiler diet significantly reduced abdominal fat by preventing FAS activity in the liver and increasing CPT I and L3HOAD activity in the heart when compared to the diet with the inclusion of tallow.…”

“…b). Similar findings were found by Harihara Iyer et al () and Kim et al () who detected a reduction of SCD mRNA levels in adipose tissues in pigs fed SO diet, suggesting that n‐6 PUFA may reduce lipogenesis in adipose tissues. Figure c represents a rather precipitous decrease in FAS gene expression with increasing levels of UFA sources of oil (SO).…”

Efecto de dietas con harina de aguacate sobre lípidos en músculo, antioxidantes y expresión de genes en cerdos finalizados

“…The situation was the opposite when feeding AM10 since this diet decreased the expression of the genes studied, a situation similar to that pointed out by Mohan et al (2012), who reported that the expression of the important lipogenic mediator SREBP1, can be affected by the type of diet, as it happened in the AM10 diet, where it is not overexpressed.…”

“…ACP, ACACA and FASN to lipogenesis, and SREBP1 as a transcription factor and regulator of the expression of different lipogenic genes (Benitez et al, 2018;Fernandez et al,2017;Li et al, 2020;Mohan et al, 2012;. The change in diet can modify the proportion of lipids, to the point that pork meat can provide a health benefit to the consumer ).…”

“…La enzima acetil-CoA carboxilasa (ACACA) junto con ACP y FASN, desempeñan un papel fundamental en el metabolismo de los ácidos grasos, catalizando la formación de malonil-CoA (acetil-ACP y malonil-ACP) a partir de acetil-CoA que, a su vez, actúa como intermediario en la síntesis de novo de los ácidos grasos de cadena larga Muñoz et al, 2007). La SCD se relaciona con esterificación de ácidos grasos; ACP, ACACA y FASN a lipogénesis, y SREBP1 como factor de transcripción y regulación de la expresión de diferentes genes lipogénicos (Benítez et al, 2018;Fernández et al, 2017;Li et al, 2020;Mohan et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2020). El cambio en la dieta puede modificar las proporciones de los lípidos, hasta llegar al punto de que la carne, pueda aportar un beneficio a la salud del consumidor (Duran-Montgé et al, 2009ª, 2009 ).…”