Effect of Delayed Bleeding after Captive Bolt Stunning on Heart Activity and Blood Removal in Beef Cattle

Vimini, R. J.; Field, Robert A.; Riley, M. L.; Varnell, T. R.

doi:10.2527/jas1983.573628x

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Bourguet et al (2011) also observed a temporary return of the palpebral and corneal reflex in some of the non-stunned slaughtered cattle. A temporary return of blood pressure would be necessary for these reflexes to return and may possibly be explained by physiological changes, such as an increased heart rate, to alleviate the drop in blood pressure (Newhook & Blackmore, 1982;Vimini et al, 1983). There is no clear indication why reflexes were regained and lost again in some of the calves in the current experiment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Validation of indicators used to assess unconsciousness in veal calves at slaughter

Verhoeven

Gerritzen

Hellebrekers

et al. 2016

animal

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European legislation states that after stunning regular checks should be performed to guarantee animals are unconscious between the end of the stunning process and death. When animals are killed without prior stunning these checks should be performed before the animal is released from restraint. The validity of certain indicators used to assess unconsciousness under different stunning and slaughter conditions is under debate. The aim of this study was to validate the absence of threat-, withdrawal-, corneal-and eyelid reflex as indicators to assess unconsciousness in calves subjected to different stunning and slaughter methods. Calves (201 ± 22 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: (1) Captive bolt stunning followed by neck cut in an inverted position (n = 25); (2) Non-stunned slaughter in an upright position (n = 7); (3) Non-stunned slaughter in an inverted position (180°rotation) (n = 25); (4) Non-stunned slaughter in an upright position followed by captive bolt stunning 40 s after the neck cut (n = 25). Each calf was equipped with non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes before the slaughter procedure. All reflexes were verified once before the slaughter procedure. At the beginning of the procedure (T = 0 s) calves were stunned (treatment 1) or neck cut in an upright position (treatment 2, 4) or inverted position (treatment 3). Calves of treatment 4 were captive bolt stunned 34 ± 8 s after the neck cut. Reflexes were assessed every 20 s from T = 15 s for all treatments until all reflex tests resulted in a negative response three times in a row and a flat line EEG was observed. In addition, reflexes were assessed 5 s after captive bolt stunning in calves of treatments 1 and 4. Visual assessment of changes in the amplitude and frequency of EEG traces was used to determine loss of consciousness. Timing of loss of consciousness was related to timing of loss of reflexes. After captive bolt stunning, absence of threat-, withdrawal-, corneal-and eyelid reflex indicated unconsciousness as determined by EEG recordings. After non-stunned slaughter, both threat-and withdrawal reflex were on average lost before calves were unconscious based on EEG recordings. The eyelid-and corneal reflex were on average lost after calves had lost consciousness based on EEG recordings and appeared to be distinctly conservative indicators of unconsciousness in non-stunned slaughtered calves since they were observed until 76 ± 50 and 85 ± 45 s (mean ± SD), respectively, after EEG-based loss of consciousness.Keywords: electroencephalogram, calves, reflexes, slaughter, (un)consciousness ImplicationsMonitoring unconsciousness at slaughter is mandatory by European legislation and is often determined by the absence of behavioural indicators (i.e. loss of posture), physical signs (i.e. rhythmic breathing) and reflexes. Previous research in sheep has indicated that the absence of certain reflexes at slaughter is not a reliable indicator of unconsciousness. The present study showed that absence of the withdr...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Validation of indicators used to assess unconsciousness in veal calves at slaughter

Verhoeven

Gerritzen

Hellebrekers

et al. 2016

animal

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“…O volume de sangue colhido também é maior se a sangria é realizada imediatamente após a insensibilização. A esse respeito, VIMINI et al [35,36] estabeleceram que o volume de sangue colhido é inversamente proporcional ao intervalo entre o atordoamento e a sangria.…”

Section: -Introduçãounclassified

Efeitos Dos Métodos De Abate De Bovinos Na Eficiência Da Sangria

Roça¹,

Padovani²,

Filipi³

et al. 2001

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

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RESUMOO objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos méto-dos de abate de bovinos com insensibilização prévia através de marreta e pistola pneumática de penetração e sem insensibilização, realizada pelo método kasher, na eficiência da sangria. A eficiência da sangria foi avaliada pela determinação da hemoglobina no sangue e na carne. Foram utilizados 240 bovinos sãos, da raça Nelore, abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal, sendo 60 animais abatidos pelo método judaico (kasher), 60 animais insensibilizados através de marreta, 60 animais insensibilizados através de pistola pneumática de penetração e 60 animais insensibilizados através de pistola pneumática de penetração seguida por estimulação elétrica. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue após a sangria dos animais e de carne, na porção torácica do músculo Longus colli, imediatamente após a chegada da carcaça à câmara frigorífica. Os animais abatidos pelo método kasher apresentaram menor teor de hemoglobina residual na carne e melhor eficiência da sangria. A utilização da estimulação elétrica imediatamente após a sangria dos animais atordoados por pistola pneumática, afetou negativamente a eficiência da sangria.Palavras-chave: abate de bovinos; abate kasher; eficiência da sangria. SUMMARYEFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER METHODS ON EFFICIENCY. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bovine slaughter methods, with previous stunning through stone-hammer, pneumatic powered stunners and no stunning, carried out the kasher method on bleeding efficiency. Bleeding efficiency was evaluated through muscle haemoglobin/blood haemoglobin ratio using blood taken at bleeding and muscle samples taken before chilling. Two hundred and forty Nelore steers were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse under Federal Inspection Service, where 60 animals were slaughtered by the Jewish method (kasher), 60 animals were stunned through stone-hammer, 60 animals were stunned through the pneumatic powered stunners and 60 animals were stunned through pneumatic powered stunners followed by electrical stimulation. The animals slaughtered by the kasher method showed less residual haemoglobin retained in the muscle and better bleeding efficiency. Electrical stimulation utilization after animal bleeding were stunned by the pneumatic powered stunners had a negative effect on bleeding efficiency.Keywords: slaughter; kasher; bleeding efficiency. 1-INTRODUÇÃOA eficiência da sangria pode ser definida como o volume de sangue residual ou retido nos músculos após o abate. Considerando uma variação individual muito acentuada no teor de hemoglobina sangüínea, a relação entre a hemoglobina sangüínea e a hemoglobina residual no músculo é uma forma segura de avaliação da eficiência da sangria, cujos resultados são expressos em mL de sangue retido no músculo por 100g de músculo [26].O volume de sangue de bovinos é estimado em 6,4 a 8,2 litros/100kg de peso vivo [3, 16]. A quantidade de sangue obtida na sangria com o animal deitado é aproximadamente de 3,96 litros/100kg de peso v...

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“…However, this figure must be used with caution because cardiac arrest does not directly relate to time of loss of consciousness. In sheep, calves, adult cattle and chickens, irregular and sometimes isolated heart contractions (cardiac fibrillation) may continue until 5 to 10 min after the end of bleeding, whether the animal was stunned or not, or after the installation of isoelectric EEG (Vimini et al, 1983;Terlouw et al, 2016a). Ahsan et al, (2014) also reported that in some abattoirs the dressing-out process was performed in less than 30 s after the neck cut; thus there is a significant risk that some animals would still have been conscious during this period and would have suffered accordingly.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%