Effect of Cultivar, Year Grown, and Cropping System on the Content of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Grains of Hulled and Hulless Barley

Ehrenbergerová, Jaroslava; Belcrediová, N.; Prýma, J.; Vaculová, Kateřina; Newman, C. W.

doi:10.1007/s11130-006-0024-6

Cited by 60 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The hulless barley genotypes included in this study showed rather high variability in a-tocopherol content (3.3-8.7 mg kg -1 ).These results were similar to those reported by Ehrenbergerova et al (2006) study in the Czech Republic, in which the average á-tocopherols content was 6.7 mg kg -1 . In Italy, for hulless varieties the a-tocopherol content was higher (8.4 to 10.1 g kg -1 ) and for covered varieties -8.4-8.6 g kg -1 (Cavarello et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Effects of Energy and Macronutrient Intake on Cognitive Function Through the Lifespan

Gibson¹

2013

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences

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INTRODUCTIONThis review will briefly consider the impact on cognitive development and function, of variation in intake (insufficient or excessive) of the macronutrients, protein, carbohydrate and fat, and, where its effects can be separated, energy, over the human lifespan. For each macronutrient, attention will be paid to what is known about the role of specific forms for cognition and brain function. This review is mainly concerned with evidence in human beings, and emphasis is placed on highlighting current understanding of the evidence, rather than an extensive review of the literature.All the macronutrients can provide energy, albeit with differing priorities and target organs, as well as carbon for structural functions, and many forms are fundamental to cellular processes governing growth, signalling and survival (Mann and Truswell, 2012). For the brain specifically, carbohydrates provide glucose as the primary energy source, amino acids in proteins provide the precursors for synthesis of neurotransmitters and create their receptors, while fatty acids provide the structural basis of neuronal cell membranes. These properties point to ways in which macronutrient intake may be crucial for optimal brain function.Firstly, the importance of adequate intake of energy and protein, both for the pregnant mother and thus the intrauterine nutritional environment for the foetus, and for the neonate and infant child, will be considered. Breastfeeding will briefly be compared to formula feeding, as the quantity and quality of fats and protein may have implications for cognitive development.Next, the review will discuss evidence for the benefits of breakfast, and other meal types, for cognitive function in school children, adolescents and adults, comparing effects of different forms of breakfast, including the nature of the carbohydrates and the glycaemic index of the meal. For adolescents and adults, there is extensive literature on the effects of glucose loads on cognition, particularly memory and attention: this literature will be summarised, and the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence, and its implications, discussed.PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 67 (2013), No. 4/5 (685/686), pp. 303-314. DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2013 EFFECTS OF ENERGY AND MACRONUTRIENT INTAKE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION THROUGH THE LIFESPAN Edward Leigh GibsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK l.gibson@roehampton.ac.uk Communicated by Valdis PîrâgsThis paper reviews effects of both insufficient and excessive energy and macronutrient intake on cognition over the lifespan, including the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, and adulthood. In the brain, the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to both protein malnutrition and energy undernutrition in utero or infancy, resulting in impaired neurogenesis and deficits in memory and spatial learning, reduced anxiety and increased impulsivity, reflected in impairments of neurotransmitter systems. Conversely, higher protein intake is associated with i...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In Italy, for hulless varieties the a-tocopherol content was higher (8.4 to 10.1 g kg -1 ) and for covered varieties -8.4-8.6 g kg -1 (Cavarello et al, 2004). Genotype and growing conditions are known to significantly affect the content of a-tocopherol (Zilienski et al, 2001;Ehrenbergerova et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Energy and Macronutrient Intake on Cognitive Function Through the Lifespan

Gibson¹

2013

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences

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“…Key steps to overcome this problem include the exploration, preservation, and utilization of diversity within germplasm resources (Ma, 2002). A large number of researchers have studied hulless barley based on morphology (Badr et al, 2000;Meng and Zhao, 2006), biochemistry (Izydorczyk et al, 2000;Ehrenberová et al, 2006;Han et al, 2010), cytology (Singh et al, 1970;Søgaard and Wettstein-Knowles, 1987;Zhang, 2000), and molecular biology (Zeng et al, 2002;Feng et al, 2003;Zhang, 2004). However, the use of morphological traits remains the most basic method to analyze initial germplasm resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in agronomic traits of a germplasm collection of hulless barley

2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Germplasm collections represent an important genetic source for crop improvements. In this study, 220 accessions of hulless barley were collected worldwide and their genetic diversity was investigated. Sixteen agronomic traits, including yield and yield components, grain morphology, leaf size, plant height, and lodging resistance, were assessed under field conditions. All studied traits exhibited large variation. Thousand seed weight determined yield, and was strongly affected by spike length and spike number. Four varieties, Gaoyuan Zao 1, Fu 8-4, Zang 0331, and Harry (WDM00618), showed high resistance to lodging. Significant correlations among the traits were observed, indicating trait interactions. Life cycle had the smallest coefficient of variation (CV) among native, foreign, and improved varieties, whereas the CV of cellulose content was more or less balanced. Among the accessions from domestic and foreign germplasm, the CV for life cycle remained the lowest, whereas those for carbon/nitrogen and spike number per plant were the highest. Interestingly, higher genetic diversity was observed in domestic than in foreign accessions. Together, our findings demonstrate that there is abundant diversity in worldwide hulless barley germplasm collections, which would be useful when introducing 18357 Genetic variability in hulless barley ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 18356-18369 (2015) their desirable traits into cultivars of hulless barley to improve yield and other agronomic traits.

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“…Je zajímavé, že právě v zrnu ječmene je zastoupeno všech osm izomerů vitamínu E, tj. α-, β+γ-, δ-tokoferoly a α-, β+γ-, δ-tokotrienoly, které chrání obilku před oxidací během skladování a klíčení [6,7,8,9,10], což je důležité pro výrobu sladu. Peterson [8] udává, že v klíčku obilky je obsažen izomer α-tokoferol a menší množství γ-, δ-tokoferolů a β-tokotrienolu.…”

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“…Ostatní izomery jsou zastoupeny v pluše a endospermu obilky, kde je v největším množství obsažen α-tokotrienol. Ehrenbergerová et al [7] zjistili signifikantně vyšší množství vitamínu E v obilkách bezpluchých waxy genotypech ječmene oproti odrůdám sladovnickým s pluchatými obilkami.…”

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Variability of activity of vitamin E and its isomers in a barley grain.

Belcredi¹,

Ehrenbergerová²,

Benešová³

et al. 2010

Kvasny Prum

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 1 ÚVODAntioxidační aktivita ječmene je způsobena třemi hlavními fenolickými typy sloučenin: flavan-3-oly (více jak 85 %), hydroskořicovými kyselinami (asi 10 %) a flavony (méně než 5 % celkového obsahu polyfenolů). Mezi další antioxidanty lze zařadit vitamín C a E včetně jeho izomerů tokoferolů a tokotrienolů [1]. Vitamín E předs-tavuje pro člověka esenciální chemickou látku podílející se 3 % na celkové antioxidační kapacitě [2]. Absorpce vitamínu E je závislá na obsahu mastných kyselin v potravě, na žlučových kyselinách, pankreatických enzymech a na obsahu lipidů v plazmě [3], kde je vitamín E transportován asociovaný s lipidovou fází lipoproteinových částic LDL [4]. Tokotrienoly, zvláště γ-a δ-tokotrienol [5], jsou schopné redukovat sérový LDL cholesterol u člověka. Působí jako inhibitory 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl koenzymu A reduktasy (HMGCoA reduktasa), což je klíčový enzym syntézy cholesterolu v játrech [6]. Za nejúčinnější izomer vitamínu E, pro zpomalení zanášení cév Antioxidant activity in barley is caused by three main phenolic-type compounds: flavan-3-ols (more than 85 %), hydrocinnamic acids (ca 10 %) and flavones (less than 5 % of the total polyphenol content). Other antioxidants are vitamin C and vitamin E including its isomers, tocopherols and tocotrienols [1]. In humans, vitamin E represents an essential chemical substance contributing to the total antioxidant capacity with 3 % [2]. Absorption of vitamin E depends on fatty acid content in food, bilious acids, pancreatic enzymes and lipid content in plasma [3] where vitamin E associated with lipoprotein particle lipid phase LDL is transported [4]. Tocotrienols, namely γ-and δ-tocotrienol 88Variabilita aktivity vitamínu E a jeho izomerů v zrnu ječmene Antioxidant activity of vitamin E and content of its individual isomers, tocopherols and tocotrienols, were determined in the set of 12 varieties/lines of barley grain. from which Grain samples for the analyses were collected from the experiments performed in two localities -Žabčice and Kroměříž in 2005 and 2007-2008. The effect of the method used for the grouthreatment (with the application of pesticides and without pesticides) was studied in the locality of Žabčice. The experiments in the locality of Kroměříž were carried out without chemical application, i.e. without the use of the pesticides. A statistically significant effect of the varieties/lines, year and treatment method on the activity of vitamin E was determined. The hull-less line KM 1057 (15.71 mg.kg -1 ) had significantly higher vitamin E activity compared to the whole set (10.23-13.74 mg.kg -1 ) of the non-treated variants of growing. The varieties Prestige, Merlin, Sebastian, and Amulet (13.42-13.74 mg.kg -1 ) also had a high vitamin E activity and they did not differ significantly from the malting variety Malz (13.20 mg.kg -1 ) recommended for the production of Czech Beer. Variabilita aktivity vitamínu E a jeho izomerů v zrnu ječmene Variability of activity of vitamin E and its isomers in a barley grain

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Effect of Cultivar, Year Grown, and Cropping System on the Content of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Grains of Hulled and Hulless Barley

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Energy and Macronutrient Intake on Cognitive Function Through the Lifespan

Effects of Energy and Macronutrient Intake on Cognitive Function Through the Lifespan

Genetic variability in agronomic traits of a germplasm collection of hulless barley

Variability of activity of vitamin E and its isomers in a barley grain.

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