Effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on tensile strength of human enamel

Cavalli, Vanessa

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2003.10.007

Cited by 92 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The bleaching agent possibly interacted with the dental tissues, since cohesive fractures in enamel were observed (Figure 2b). The effect of microstructural changes in the enamel mechanical properties have been investigated and the results suggest reduction of fracture toughness and tensile strength 1,18 , which could be related to enamel cohesive fracture of specimens. Rotstein et al 17 (1992) reported that bleaching treatments may alter the dentin chemical structure, due to a reduction in the Ca/P ratio after carbamide and hydrogen peroxide bleaching 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents on the bond strength of resin-enamel/dentin interfaces

2005

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ABSTRACT:In this bond strength study, a bleaching agent containing 10% carbamide peroxide was applied over composite-teeth bonded interfaces of two adhesive systems applied to enamel and dentin. Sixteen human third molars were used for bonding procedures. Single Bond (SB) and Clearfil SE Bond (CB) were applied to enamel and dentin according to the manufacturers' instructions. A resin composite cube-like structure was incrementally built on the bonded surfaces. The restored teeth were sectioned into 0.7 mm thick slices that were trimmed at enamel or dentin bonded interfaces to an hourglass shape with a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.5 mm 2 . Specimens were assigned to 8 groups (n = 10) according to the following factors under study: dental substrate (enamel and dentin); adhesive system (SB and CB) and treatment (10% carbamide peroxide and not bleached/control). The bleaching gel (Opalescence) was applied at the bonded interfaces for 6 hours during 14 days and after daily treatment specimens were stored in artificial saliva. Unbleached specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 14 days. Specimens were tested for tension and the data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Enamel tensile bond strength of CB was reduced after carbamide peroxide application. The bleaching treatment did not alter dentin bond strength of both adhesives. The results suggest that bleaching significantly affects bond strength of CB to enamel, but no influence on bond strength to dentin was noted for both adhesive systems. DESCRIPTORS: Peroxides; Dentin-bonding agents; Dentin; Enamel; Tensile strength. RESUMO:Este estudo avaliou a resistência de união de dois sistemas adesivos ao esmalte e à dentina após a aplicação de agente clareador sobre a união compósito-dente. Dezesseis terceiros molares humanos foram usados nos procedimentos restauradores. Single Bond (SB) e Clearfil SE Bond (CB) foram aplicados no esmalte e na dentina de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes. Um bloco de compósito foi construído nas superfícies tratadas com os adesivos. Os dentes restaurados foram seccionados em fatias com espessura de 0,7 mm, que receberam constrição na interface de união num formato de ampulheta, com área de secção transversal de ± 0,5 mm 2 . Os espécimes foram distribuídos em 8 grupos (n = 10) de acordo com os fatores em estudo: substrato dental (esmalte e dentina); sistema adesivo (SB e CB) e tratamento (peróxido de carbamida a 10% e controle). O agente clareador (Opalescence) foi aplicado na interface de união por 6 horas durante 14 dias e, após o tratamento diário, os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial. Os espécimes não clareados foram mantidos em saliva artificial por 14 dias. Os espécimes foram testados e os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA (três fatores) e pelo teste Tukey (p < 0,05). A resistência à tração do esmalte tratado com o adesivo CB foi reduzida após aplicação do peróxido de carbamida, entretanto, a resistência de união em dentina para ambos os adesivos não foi modificada. Os r...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents on the bond strength of resin-enamel/dentin interfaces

2005

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“…The porosity created by the bleaching agent in the enamel may have acted as a stress raiser during µTBS testing, resulting in premature failures. 12 The control groups (FL and SP), however, exhibited both higher bond strengths than bleached enamel and a predominance of adhesive failure (45 to 50%). Differences were observed between the three-step (FL) and two-step (SP) etch-and-rinse adhesives (µTBS FL > µTBS SP).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cohesive failures confirm the hypothesis that bleaching may promote enamel structural changes, thus initializing fracture during debonding at the enamel rather than at the adhesive-bonded interface. Cavalli et al 12 observed that bleached fractured enamel presented altered prism structure following exposure to regular (fluoride-free) carbamide peroxides. Scanning electron microscopy showed a preference for dissolution of the boundaries between the prism and the interprismatic substance and a porous-like appearance of the bleached prisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports observed few or no alterations on enamel integrity after bleaching, 18 whereas a number of studies have described the effects of bleaching as morphological defects and the demineralization of enamel prisms. [9][10][11][12] Enamel mineral loss due to a significant decrease in calcium and phosphate content may occur after bleaching 13 which may even increase enamel susceptibility towards demineralization. 19 To reverse some of the adverse effects of peroxides on enamel, the addition of F -to bleaching agents has been suggested as a form of inhibiting demineralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 The side effects of peroxides on enamel include increased enamel porosity, pitting, erosion, demineralization of the periphery of enamel prisms and mineral loss promoted by the decrease in the inorganic content. [9][10][11][12] To reverse the undesirable effects of bleaching, sodium fluoride has been added to some of these agents. 13,14 Fluoride-containing bleaching agents may generate fluoridated hydroxyapatite and calcium fluoride crystals on the enamel, which may accelerate the remineralization of the bleached enamel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of fluoride-containing adhesives and bleaching agents on enamel bond strength

et al. 2012

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This study evaluated the influence of fluoride-containing carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents and adhesive systems on bonded enamel interfaces that are part of the dynamic pH cycling and thermal cycling models. The buccal surfaces of 60 bovine incisors were restored with a composite resin and bonded with three-and two-step, etch-and-rinse, fluoride-containing adhesives, Optibond FL (FL) and Optibond Solo Plus (SP), respectively. Restored teeth were subjected to thermal cycling to age the interface. Both SP and FL adhesive-restored teeth were bleached (n = 10) with 10% CP (CP) and 10% CP + fluoride (CPF) or were left unbleached (control). Bleaching was performed for 14 days simultaneously with pH cycling, which comprised of 14 h of remineralization, 2 h of demineralization and 8 h of bleaching. The control groups (FL and SP) were stored in remineralizing solution during their bleaching periods and were also subjected to carious lesion formation. Parallelepiped-shaped samples were obtained from the bonded interface for microtensile bond strength (µTBS) testing. The enamel µTBS of the FL and SP groups (control, not bleached) were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the bleached interfaces (FL > FL + CPF = FL + CP and SP > SP + CPF = SP + CP). The groups subjected to treatment with the fluoride-containing bleaching agents exhibited similar µTBS compared to regular bleaching agents. Bleaching agents, regardless of whether they contained fluoride, decreased enamel bond strength.

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The influence of the Nd:YAG laser bleaching on physical and mechanical properties of the dental enamel

et al. 2008

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Effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on tensile strength of human enamel

Cited by 92 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents on the bond strength of resin-enamel/dentin interfaces

Influence of carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents on the bond strength of resin-enamel/dentin interfaces

Influence of fluoride-containing adhesives and bleaching agents on enamel bond strength

The influence of the Nd:YAG laser bleaching on physical and mechanical properties of the dental enamel

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