Effect of calcination temperature on the properties of CZTS absorber layer prepared by RF sputtering for solar cell applications

Abstract

In present work, we report synthesis of nanocrystalline Kesterite copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) films by RF magnetron sputtering method. Influence of calcination temperature on structural, morphology, optical, and electrical properties has been investigated. Formation of CZTS has been confirmed by XPS, whereas formation of Kesterite-CZTS films has been confirmed by XRD, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. It has been observed that crystallinity and average grain size increase with increase in calcination temperature and CZTS crystallites have preferred orientation in (112) direction. NC-AFM analysis revealed the formation of uniform, densely packed, and highly interconnected network of grains of CZTS over the large area. Furthermore, surface roughness of CZTS films increases with increase in calcination temperature. Optical bandgap estimated using UV-Visible spectroscopy decreases from 1.91 eV for as-deposited CZTS film to 1.59 eV for the film calcinated at 400°C which is quite close to optimum value of bandgap for energy conversion in visible region. The photo response shows a significant improvement with increase in calcinations temperature. The employment these films in solar cells can improve the conversion efficiency by reducing recombination rate of photo-generated charge carriers due to larger grain size. However, further detail study is needed before its realization in the solar cells.

Single step electrochemical deposition for the fabrication of CZTS kesterite thin films for solar cells

“…Therefore, Raman spectroscopy of different annealed sample was recorded out in range of 200-600 𝐜𝐦 #𝟏 and plotted in Figure 3. The main peak of Raman spectra was at 330 𝐜𝐦 #𝟏 and this does not correspond to the principal peaks of ZnS and 𝐂𝐮 𝟐 𝐒𝐧𝐒 𝟑 [45][46][47]. 4 and Figure 5.…”

Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Physicochemical Properties and Electrochemical Performance of FeVO4 as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…The increased crystallite size and internal strain studied by the phonon distortion of Raman spectroscopy provide high-intensity peaks with an increasing calcination temperature. Therefore, the peak intensity of Raman bands of FV500, FV600, and FV700 increases with an increasing calcination temperature due to the enhanced degree of crystallization, as can be determined by the corresponding increase in the crystallite size of FeVO 4 [ 35 , 36 ]. Therefore, the order of crystallinity is observed as follows: FV700 > FV600 > FV500.…”

“…In 2D material, nanoparticles, and microparticles, electrons are confined in the thickness direction, have certain unrestricted motions, and control the electrical conductivity. Particles with smaller grain boundaries produce more scattering, hence lowering the electrical conductivity [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. The systematic synthesis scheme of FV500, FV600, and FV700 portrayed in Scheme 1 illustrates the mixing of equal amounts of Iron chloride hexahydrate and ammonium metavanadate under continuous stirring at 90 °C to nucleate the nanocrystal precipitates.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Obtained by Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Pulsed Laser Deposition

“…For binary and quaternary targets such as ZnS, Sn x S y , Cu x S, and CZTS, radio frequency (RF) is commonly used [20,21]. The MS method offers the possibility to control the chemical composition and the film thickness to obtain good uniformity on the surface of the sample [22]. MS provides high adhesion of the films and excellent coverage of the substrate surface [23].…”