Effect of Bovine  1 Interferon on Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1-induced Respiratory Disease

Homologous recombination between different species of alphaherpesviruses has been described between herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 but has not yet been observed between other alphaherpesviruses. In the present study we chose to assess to what extent in vitro recombination can occur between members of a well-defined group of closely related viruses such as ruminant alphaherpesviruses. At 24 h after infection of epithelial bovine kidney cells with a double-deleted mutant of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) (containing green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein genes) and different ruminant alphaherpesviruses, four types of progeny viruses were detected and distinguished according to their phenotype. Frequent recombination events between identical or different strains of BoHV-1 were observed (up to 30%), whereas only two BoHV-1/BoHV-5 recombinants were identified, and no recombinants between BoHV-1 and less closely related caprine and cervine herpesviruses were detected. Restriction analysis of the genomes of the two BoHV-1/BoHV-5 recombinants showed different genetic backgrounds. One possessed a restriction pattern close to BoHV-1, whereas the other one was close to BoHV-5. This exhaustive analysis of each combination of coinfection in a unique situation of five closely related alphaherpesviruses revealed the importance of a high degree of genetic relatedness and similar parental virus growth kinetics for successful interspecific recombination.

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“…Its concentration was therefore assumed to be very low. Moreover, BoHV-1 and related viruses are relatively resistant to IFN-␤ (1,9,49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific Recombination between Two Ruminant Alphaherpesviruses, Bovine Herpesviruses 1 and 5

Meurens

Keil

Muylkens

et al. 2004

J Virol

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“…Much of the present data suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of BHV-1 infection may be an important factor contributing to bacterial superinfection (Bielefeldt Ohmann & Babiuk, 1985Filion et al, 1983;Forman & Babiuk, 1982). In particular, BHV-1 can infect alveolar macrophages (Forman & Babiuk, 1982;Bielefeldt Ohmann et al, 1984;Forman et al, 1982) and peripheral blood monocytes (Nyaga & McKercher, 1980), and alter their functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between bovine herpesvirus type 1 and activated bovine T lymphocytes

Griebel

Ohmann²,

Lawman³

et al. 1990

Journal of General Virology

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The interaction between activated bovine T lymphocytes (BTLs) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) was investigated. BHV-1 infection of BTLs reduced the amplitude of recombinant bovine interleukin 2-induced proliferative responses. This decreased proliferation was caused by a virus-induced lymphocytolysis which was dependent on viable virus and was not inhibited by recombinant bovine interferon-~xl. Furthermore, lymphocytolysis was not associated with virus replication or with the synthesis of detectable levels of viral proteins. Electron microscopic examination of virusinfected cells revealed that lymphocytolysis was characterized by early nuclear disintegration resembling apoptosis. These observations suggest that activated T cells, localized at the site of BHV-1 infection, may be susceptible to virus-induced cytolysis.

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“…However, as found with Hu-IFN above, virus excretion was not reduced significantly, even in those animals protected against challenge, suggesting that Bol FNa. may have more of an immunomodulatory effect than a direct antiviral effect in this model (Babiuk et a/., 1985). It is notable that there was no difference in the level of intranasal interferon secreted by control or interferon-treated animals, implying that interferon treatment did not affect the production of endogenous interferon.…”

Section: Bovine Virusesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prospects for Antiviral Chemotherapy in Veterinary Medicine: 2. Avian, Piscine, Canine, Porcine, Bovine and Equine Virus Diseases

Rollinson¹

1992

Antivir Chem Chemother

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SummaryThis paper, which is published in two parts, reviews the literature pertaining to antiviral chemotherapy of viruses of veterinary importance. While early reports in the 1970s referred to the chemotherapy of a number of different RNA and DNA viruses, there' was considerable focus in the 1980s, initially on herpesviruses and latterly on retroviruses, and particularly in cats. Details are given of the successful treatments of FeLV and FIV, which have been used as animal models for HIV therapy. 'Therapy of equine, canine, bovine, porcine, avian, and fish diseases is also considered. The high costs of developing and registering a new chemical entity, especially for food species in which extensive toxicity/residue data are required, is the main reason why specific antiviral compounds are not currently available for veterinary use, although some non-specific immune modulators are now emerging. Concurrent availability of appropriate diagnostic tools is a prerequisite for successful veterinary antiviral chemotherapy, as is a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of virus infections in animals and the development of more sophisticated means of drug delivery, appropriate to both food animal species and companion animals (dogs, cats, and horses). Additionally, antiviral agents are valuable as research tools per se, as opposed to solely as chemotherapeutic agents. Part 1 covers the feline virus diseases, while part 2 includes the other viruses~f veterinary importance, in dogs, horses, cattle, pigs, birds, and fish.

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Effect of Bovine 1 Interferon on Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1-induced Respiratory Disease

Cited by 67 publications

References 41 publications

Interspecific Recombination between Two Ruminant Alphaherpesviruses, Bovine Herpesviruses 1 and 5

Interspecific Recombination between Two Ruminant Alphaherpesviruses, Bovine Herpesviruses 1 and 5

The interaction between bovine herpesvirus type 1 and activated bovine T lymphocytes

Prospects for Antiviral Chemotherapy in Veterinary Medicine: 2. Avian, Piscine, Canine, Porcine, Bovine and Equine Virus Diseases

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