Interspecific Recombination between Two Ruminant Alphaherpesviruses, Bovine Herpesviruses 1 and 5

Meurens, François; Keil, Günther M.; Muylkens, Benoît; Gogev, Sacha; Schynts, Frédéric; Negro, Sandra; Wiggers, L.; Thiry, Étienne

doi:10.1128/jvi.78.18.9828-9836.2004

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, interspecies recombinants have been regarded to survive rarely in nature (5). Although there are some reports on interspecies recombinants of closely related herpesvirus species, such as HSV-1 and HSV-2 (6, 13, 36) and BHV-1 and BHV-5 (20), in laboratory, no natural recombinant has been detected. Exceptional examples have been reported on HHV-8, some strains of which seemed to be descendants of an interspecies recombinant (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Natural Recombinant between Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 Gene

Pagamjav

Sakata

Matsumura

et al. 2005

Microbiology and Immunology

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Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV‐1) is a pathogen causing rhinopneumonia in young horses, abortion in mares, and myeloencephalitis in adult horses. Two types, EHV‐1 P and EHV‐1 B, have recently been dominant among 16 electropherotypes. EHV‐1 P and EHV‐1 B viruses were compared by long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA‐PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Differences in restriction sites were found to be focused in ORF64, which encodes the infected cell protein 4 (ICP4), and downstream of the ICP4 gene. The 3′‐end and downstream of ICP4 gene of EHV‐1 B were found to be replaced by the corresponding region of EHV‐4, indicating that EHV‐1 B is a naturally occurring recombinant virus between progenitors of EHV‐1 P and EHV‐4. This is the first report showing a natural interspecies recombinant in alphaherpesviruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Natural Recombinant between Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 Gene

Pagamjav

Sakata

Matsumura

et al. 2005

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Indeed, successful homologous recombination requires two closely related parental viruses. Two recombinants between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 have been isolated, but no recombinant has been detected between BoHV-1 and the less closely related CpHV-1 and CvHV-2 [78]. Nevertheless, even in the absence of mature recombinant viruses, these results do not exclude a recombination process occurring in the cell, because mixed concatemers between BoHV-1 and CvHV-2, and between CvHV-1 and CvHV-2, have been identified in co-infected cells 3 .…”

Section: Recombination Between Ruminant Alphaherpesvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) performed on viral isolates allows the identification and distinguishing of the related viruses [12, 14, 15, 23, 38-41, 94, 98, 100, 103, 137, 145] and could be used to detect interspecific recombinants [78]. However, this procedure is not convenient for general use in a diagnostic laboratory.…”

Section: Virological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1

et al. 2006

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-Herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. Consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related herpesviruses. Illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaherpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): namely bovine herpesvirus 5, bubaline herpesvirus 1, caprine herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk herpesvirus 1. These viruses share common antigenic properties and the serological relationships between them can be considered as a threat to BoHV-1 eradication programmes. BoHV-1 is a herpesvirus responsible for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, which is a disease of major economic concern. In this article, the genetic properties of these ruminant alphaherpesviruses are reviewed on a comparative basis and the issue of interspecific recombination is assessed. The pathogenesis of these infections is described with emphasis on the host range and crossing of the host species barrier. Indeed, the non bovine ruminant species susceptible to these ruminant alphaherpesviruses may be potential BoHV-1 reservoirs. The differential diagnosis of these related infections is also discussed. In addition, available epidemiological data are used to assess the potential of cross-infection in ruminant populations. A better knowledge of these ruminant alphaherpesvirus infections is essential to successfully control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

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“…It is most likely coupled with viral DNA replication and may require both viral and cellular factors (4,11,43). Homologous recombination can occur only between closely related genomes (16,27). Nonetheless, the creation of new genomes requires some sequence heterogeneity in the genomes involved in recombination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfection with Two Closely Related Alphaherpesviruses Results in a Highly Diversified Recombination Mosaic Displaying Negative Genetic Interference

Muylkens

Farnir

Meurens

et al. 2009

J Virol

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Phylogenetic studies of the emergence and spread of natural recombinants in herpesviruses infecting humans and animals have been reported recently. However, despite an ever-increasing amount of evidence of recombination in herpesvirus history, the recombination process and the consequences on the genetic diversity of the progeny remain poorly characterized. We addressed this issue by using multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) differentiating the two subtypes of an alphaherpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Analysis of a large sample of progeny virions obtained in a single growth cycle of coinfected BoHV-1 strains provided a prospective investigation of the recombination dynamics by using SNPs as recombination markers. We found that the simultaneous infection with two closely related herpesviruses results in a highly diversified recombination mosaic. From the analysis of multiple recombinants arising in the progeny, we provide the first evidence of genetic interference influencing the recombination process in herpesviruses. In addition, we report striking differences in the levels of recombination frequency observed along the BoHV-1 genome. With particular emphasis on the genetic structure of a progeny virus population rising in vitro, our data show to which extent recombination participates to the genetic diversification of herpesviruses.Genetic variation within a species arises through the process of mutation. If the mutation is nonlethal and if the new variant is not lost, genetic, demographic, and evolutionary processes determine its population frequency and its nonrandom association (linkage disequilibrium) with adjacent sites along the DNA segment on which it arose. Recombination is the primary genetic process that influences linkage disequilibrium over time, enabling the creation of new combinations of genetic material through the pairing and shuffling of related DNA sequences (2). In contrast with most RNA viruses, DNA replication in herpesviruses leads to rare spontaneous mutations because of an efficient proofreading activity of the DNA polymerase (6,9,10,26). With regard to the low rate of nucleotide substitution, recombination can be seen as an evolutionary driving force increasing the probability of a rare nonsynonymous mutation spreading within a herpesvirus species (44,45). In accordance with this hypothesis, recently reported phylogenetic evidence demonstrated both the high degree of gene conservation in natural herpesvirus populations and the emergence and spread of several natural recombinants in herpesvirus species that infect humans (1,24,25,29,(33)(34)(35)37) and animals (8,18,36).

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Interspecific Recombination between Two Ruminant Alphaherpesviruses, Bovine Herpesviruses 1 and 5

Cited by 46 publications

References 62 publications

Natural Recombinant between Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 Gene

Natural Recombinant between Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 Gene

Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1

Coinfection with Two Closely Related Alphaherpesviruses Results in a Highly Diversified Recombination Mosaic Displaying Negative Genetic Interference

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