Effect of Blood Flow Rate on Thrombogenesis in a Rabbit Extracorporeal Circulation Model

Kawai, T; Annich, Gail M.; Meinhardt, Jürgen; Ichiba, Shingo; Brant, David O.; Bartlett, Robert H.

doi:10.1097/00002480-199909000-00021

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…One such in vivo model that covers many of these blood/biomaterial interaction processes is the rabbit thrombogenicity model used in our laboratory for the past 2 decades. 89, 111–116, 119, 126–129 The rabbit model can provide laboratories with a more affordable animal model compared with other animals such as the canine, pig or sheep when testing many biomaterials in an arterio-venous (A-V) model.…”

Section: Current State Of Norel Polymers Using the Rabbit Thrombogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent papers have described the details of the experimental setup for the 4-h studies for biomaterial hemocompatibility testing. 89, 111–113, 115, 116, 119, 126–128, 132 The key feature of the extracorporeal circuit (ECC) is the larger internal diameter tubing midway in the circuit loop. This larger tubing models the increased surface area and, more importantly, the increased turbulent blood flow that occurs in inline oxygenators and heat exchangers.…”

Section: Current State Of Norel Polymers Using the Rabbit Thrombogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and hemocompatibility testing of nitric oxide releasing polymers using a rabbit model of thrombogenicity

et al. 2014

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Hemocompatibility is the goal for any biomaterial contained in extracorporeal life supporting (ECLS) medical devices. The hallmarks for hemocompatibility include nonthrombogenicity, platelet preservation and maintained platelet function. Both in vitro and in vivo assays testing for compatibility of the blood/biomaterial interface have been used over the last several decades to ascertain if the biomaterial used in medical tubing and devices will require systemic anticoagulation for viability. Over the last 50 years systemic anticoagulation with heparin has been the gold standard in maintaining effective ECLS. However, the biomaterial that maintains effective ECLS without the use of any systemic anticoagulant has remained elusive. In this review, the in vivo 4-h rabbit thrombogenicity model genesis will be described with emphasis on biomaterials that may require no systemic anticoagulation for ECLS longevity. These novel biomaterials may improve extracorporeal circulation (ECC) hemocompatibility by preserving near resting physiology of the major blood components, the platelets and monocytes. The rabbit ECC model provides a complete assessment of biomaterial interactions with the intrinsic coagulation players, the circulating platelet and monocytes. This total picture of blood/biomaterial interaction suggests that this rabbit thrombogenicity model could provide a standardization for biomaterial hemocompatibility testing.

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Section: Current State Of Norel Polymers Using the Rabbit Thrombogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current State Of Norel Polymers Using the Rabbit Thrombogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and hemocompatibility testing of nitric oxide releasing polymers using a rabbit model of thrombogenicity

et al. 2014

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“…Turbulent flow and shear forces also contribute to thrombus formation. High shear forces will result in higher platelet deposition and lower fibrin deposition ( 6 , 7 ), and can induce platelet aggregation ( 8 ). Turbulent flow results in hemolysis and cellular activation and this occurs in areas within the ECC that narrow or expand usually within areas of connection and transition to different components of the circuit.…”

Section: Extracorporeal Circuitrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Surfaces in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits

2018

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The balance between systemic anticoagulation and clotting is challenging. In normal hemostasis, the endothelium regulates the balance between anticoagulant and prothrombotic systems. It becomes particularly more challenging to maintain this physiologic hemostasis when we are faced with extracorporeal life support therapies, where blood is continuously in contact with a foreign extracorporeal circuit surface predisposing a prothrombotic state. The blood-surface interaction during extracorporeal life support therapies requires the use of systemic anticoagulation to decrease the risk of clotting. Unfractionated heparin is the most common anticoagulant agent widely used in this setting. New trends include the use of direct thrombin inhibitor agents for systemic anticoagulation; and surface modifications that aim to overcome the blood-biomaterial surface interaction by modifying the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the polymer surface; and coating the circuit with substances that will mimic the endothelium or anti-thrombotic agents. To improve hemocompatibility in an extracorporeal circuit, replication of the anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties of the endothelium is ideal. Surface modifications can be classified into three major groups: biomimetic surfaces (heparin, nitric oxide, and direct thrombin inhibitors); biopassive surfaces [phosphorylcholine, albumin, and poly- 2-methoxyethylacrylate]; and endothelialization of blood contacting surface. The focus of this paper will be to review both present and future novel surface modifications that can obviate the need for systemic anticoagulation during extracorporeal life support therapies.

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Inhaled nitric oxide inhibits the release of matrix metalloproteinase-2, but not platelet activation, during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult rabbits

Cheung

Sawicki

Peliowski

et al. 2003

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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Effect of Blood Flow Rate on Thrombogenesis in a Rabbit Extracorporeal Circulation Model

Cited by 6 publications

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Development and hemocompatibility testing of nitric oxide releasing polymers using a rabbit model of thrombogenicity

Development and hemocompatibility testing of nitric oxide releasing polymers using a rabbit model of thrombogenicity

Novel Surfaces in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits

Inhaled nitric oxide inhibits the release of matrix metalloproteinase-2, but not platelet activation, during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult rabbits

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