Effect of bleaching agents and soft drink on titanium surface topography

Abstract

The effects of carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide and cola soft drink on the topographic modifications of commercially-pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. Ti discs were divided into 18 groups (n = 4) based on the solution treatment and Ti type. Specimens were immersed in 3 mL of each solution for 4 h per day (for the remaining 20 h, discs were left dry or immersed in artificial saliva) for 15 days. For control, specimens were immersed in only artificial saliva. Ti surfaces were examined using scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopes and their surface roughness (in µm) and surface chemical modifications were investigated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Groups immersed in 35% hydrogen peroxide showed the highest roughness (Ra) (171.65 ± 4.04 for CP-Ti and 145.91 ± 14.71 for Ti-6Al-4V) (p < 0.05), followed by groups treated with carbamide peroxide 16% (110.91 ± 0.8 for CP-Ti and 49.28 ± 0.36 for Ti-6Al-4V) and 35% (65.67 ± 1.6 for CP-Ti and 53.87 ± 1.98 for Ti-6Al-4V); treatment with artificial saliva did not affect the results. These values were statistically superior to those observed prior to the treatment and to those of the control group (31.0 ± 0.99 for CP-Ti and 29.95 ± 0.58 for Ti-6Al-4V). Cola soft drink did not alter the surface roughness of either Ti type (p > 0.05). SEM and AFM revealed dramatic changes in the specimens surfaces immersed in the 35% hydrogen peroxide, mainly for CP-Ti. No detectable chemical modifications on the Ti surface were observed. Bleaching agents promoted significant changes in Ti topography, which could affect the longevity of implants treatments.

Effects of Dextrose and Lipopolysaccharide on the Corrosion Behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with a Smooth Surface or Treated with Double-Acid-Etching

“…SEM images did not show great changes on the Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. Faverani et al [46] showed that only substantial deterioration can be evidenced on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface. Yet, changes in the microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in combination with dextrose and LPS were probably due to the impregnation of the substrates used herein.…”

“…Each specimen was individually placed in the center of the equipment, with the measuring tip of the profilometer on the specimen surface. Three measurements were performed at different areas on each disc (0.25 mm cut-off at a speed of 0.05 mm/s), and the mean value was calculated [46].…”

Surface damage of dental implant systems and ions release after exposure to fluoride and hydrogen peroxide

“…In the literature, most studies use fluorides diluted in Fusayama's artificial saliva solutions at pH 5, to simulate the oral environment in terms of corrosion behavior. Therapeutic bleaching agents based on carbamide (urea) or hydrogen peroxide has also been shown to affect the corrosion resistance of titanium . In the present study, 35% hydrogen peroxide at pH 7 was applied onto the implant system surface.…”

“…The results showed changes of titanium surfaces in 0.1‐10% hydrogen peroxide. In the study performed by Faverani et al, titanium and Ti6Al4V surfaces were evaluated by SEM after immersion in solutions based on cola soft drink or hydrogen peroxide diluted in artificial saliva. Those results revealed significant changes on the titanium surface that can affect the long‐term success of the implant.…”

“…9 However, this layer can be destroyed due to its reactivity with acidic substances such as hydrofluoric acid (HF) formed by dissociation of F − binding to H +. [2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . The increase in H + and F − concentration induces the dissolution of the oxide layer leading to a decrease in corrosion resistance of titanium.…”