BACKGROUND: Therapeutic high-frequency ultrasound, microcurrent, and a combination of the two
have been used as potential interventions in the soft tissue healing process, but
little is known about their effect on the immune system. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of therapeutic high frequency ultrasound, microcurrent,
and the combined therapy of the two on the size of the wound area, peritoneal
macrophage function, CD4+ and CD8+, T lymphocyte
populations, and plasma concentration of interleukins (ILs). METHOD: Sixty-five Wistar rats were randomized into five groups, as follows: uninjured
control (C, group 1), lesion and no treatment (L, group 2), lesion treated with
ultrasound (LU, group 3), lesion treated with microcurrent (LM, group 4), and
lesion treated with combined therapy (LUM, group 5). For groups 3, 4 and 5,
treatment was initiated 24 hours after surgery under anesthesia and each group was
allocated into three different subgroups (n=5) to allow for the use of the
different therapy resources at on days 3, 7 and 14 Photoplanimetry was performed
daily. After euthanasia, blood was collected for immune analysis. RESULTS: Ultrasound increased the phagocytic capacity and the production of nitric oxide
by macrophages and induced the reduction of CD4+ cells, the
CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the plasma concentration of IL-1β.
Microcurrent and combined therapy decreased the production of superoxide anion,
nitric oxide, CD4+-positive cells, the CD4+/CD8+
ratio, and IL-1β concentration. CONCLUSIONS:Therapeutic high-frequency ultrasound, microcurrent, and combined therapy changed
the activity of the innate and adaptive immune system during healing process but
did not accelerate the closure of the wound.