Effect of atropine sulfate on gastric emptying and gastrocecal transit time evaluated by using the [1- ¹³ C]acetic acid and lactose-[ ¹³ C]ureide breath test in conscious rats

Abstract

Breath tests have been used to investigate many physiological functions. Recently, we have developed a breath test system by using a non-invasive technique in conscious rats. In this study, we investigated the effect of atropine sulfate on the gastric emptying and gastrocecal transit time using [1-(13)C]acetic acid and lactose-[(13)C]ureide, respectively. Gastric emptying was significantly delayed by atropine sulfate in a dose-dependent manner (0.03-0.3 mg kg(-1)), but the effects of 0.1 and 0.3 mg kg(-1) were almost equal. C(max) and T(max) values were also significantly and dose-dependently decreased and delayed, respectively. However, AUC(120 min) values were not significantly different for the three doses of atropine sulfate. This suggests that although atropine sulfate slows the emptying of the gastric content, it is excreted eventually to the same content as the control. The gastrocecal transit time was significantly delayed by atropine sulfate at a dose of 1 mg kg(-1), but not at a dose of 0.1 mg kg(-1). These findings demonstrate that the breath tests can evaluate the effect of atropine sulfate on the gastric emptying and gastrocecal transit time. The effective dose of atropine sulfate may be different for gastric emptying and gastrocecal transit time.

Evaluation of Punica granatum Peels Extracts and its Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid Constituents Against Chemically Induced Diarrhoea in Rats

“…This may promote reabsorption of materials in the intestine due to decrease propulsion of material in the intestinal tract, and the extract might have exerted its antidiarrhoeal action by antisecretory mechanism. This result similar to obtained by Izzo et al (1999) and Uchida et al (2009).…”

“…The plant extract inhibited normal gastric emptying; this effect may be linked to the reduction in gastrointestinal propulsion observed in the rats. (Izzo et al, 1999;Camilleri, 2004;Uchida et al, 2009) showed decrease in intestinal transit time by morphine and atropine is linked to delays in gastric emptying. This suggests that the plant may have morphine-like action in exerting its antidiarrhoeal activity.…”

Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying and gastrocecal transit times in conscious rats using a breath test after ingestion of [1-¹³C] acetic acid and lactose-[¹³C] ureide

“…In this study, we used a liquid test meal containing [1-13 C] acetic acid as the labeled compound, because a solid test meal is hard for the rats to ingest within a short limited time, although Hoshino et al (2008) reported breath testing using a solid test meal in mice. Until now, we have usually used 8 mg/kg of [1-13 C] acetic acid as the dose for the evaluation of gastric emptying (Uchida et al, 2005;Uchida et al, 2007;Uchida et al, 2011;Uchida et al, 2009b). However, in the present study we used 4 mg/kg of [1-13 C] acetic acid, because a larger dose of [1-13 C] acetic acid would affect the level of the expired 13 CO 2 derived from the simultaneously administered lactose-[ 13 C] ureide.…”

“…Moreover, we have also established a non-invasive and feasible method for the evaluation of rat gastrocecal transit time by using lactose-[ 13 C] ureide (Uchida et al, 2009a) and the effect of atropine sulfate which significantly delayed the gatsrocecal transit time (Uchida et al, 2009b).…”

Acute exercise inhibits gastric emptying of liquids in rats: influence of the NO-cGMP pathway

“…The neurotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), found in the myenteric plexus, exert critical inhibitory roles on gut smooth muscle cells (10). High-intensity exercise raises blood levels of NO and VIP (11), but also promotes the release of corticosterone (12). Additionally, atropine has been shown to delay GE (13).…”