Effect of astigmatic keratotomy on spherical equivalent: results of the astigmatism reduction clinical trial

Effect of intraoperative aberrometry on the rate of postoperative enhancement: Retrospective study

“…12 They preserve the optical qualities of the cornea, are easy to perform, do not cause significant patient discomfort, and are sufficiently effective for lower levels of astigmatism. The limbal location of these incisions results in a consistent 1:1 coupling ratio 13 that causes little change in spherical equivalent (SE) and eliminates the need to change IOL power. Osher 14 and Gills 1 were early advocates of LRIs.…”

Long-term refractive stability following combined astigmatic keratotomy and phakoemulsification

“…For many years, cataract surgeons have used corneal relaxing incisions to reduce significant corneal astigmatism. A number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of modern techniques such as LRIs and astigmatic keratotomy [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…Several techniques have been developed to surgically reduce astigmatism. Horizontal and, later, arcuate corneal incisions were introduced to good effect and are now commonly termed astigmatic keratotomy [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A variety of nomograms have been devised to assist in determining the length of corneal incisions during astigmatic keratotomy, depending on the degree of astigmatism and the age of the patient.…”

Corneal Astigmatic Correction by Femtosecond Laser Incisions

“…A coupling ratio of 1 is ideal because the spherical equivalent remains constant. Smaller, standardized arcuate incisions are more likely to yield coupling ratios closest to 1 [6].…”