Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Some Phosphorus Sources on Growth, Seeds Yield, Chemical Compositions, Oil Productivity and Fixed Oil Constituents of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Plant

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Heliopils University, El Sharqea, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving growth, seed yield, oil productivity and fixed oil constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants grown in sandy soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and some phosphorus sources i.e., phosphate rock -super phosphate -monoamonium phosphate (MAP) and phosphoric acid (30 units P2O5).Seeds of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) were inoculated with mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from genera Glomus, mosseae and fasciculatum [275 Spores/g oven dry basses in addition to the colonization root pieces (the infectivity 104 propagola) sterilized peatmoss: vermicolite: perlite as a carries] at the rate of 20g /5g of seeds and after 10 days by injection into the soil at 3.5 g/hill.The obtained results indicated that, plants receiving mycorrhizal fungi inoculum gave the significantly highest mean values for most of studied characteristics (i.e., plant heigt, number of branches per plant, plant fresh and dry weights, seeds yield/plant and/or feddan, weight of 1000 seeds, chlorophyll "a, b,", carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrate, fixed oil percentage, fixed oil yield /plant and/or feddan and fatty acids constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants, while uninoculated plants (control) gave the lowest values. Whereas different sources of phosphorous fertilizers statistically affected most of the mentioned parameters, especially monoaminum phosphate treatment (MAP) in both seasons. Moreover, all the combination treatments between inoculated with AMF, uninoculated and phosphorous sources improved all the studied parameters. The recorded results indicated that, the combined treatments between mycorrhizal fungi inoculated and MAP gave the highest values for most recorded parameters, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrate contents, fixed oil percentage, fixed oil yield/plant and/or feddan as compared with the other combined treatments both seasons. Meanwhile, the combined treatments of inoculation with the mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphoric acid induced highly significant increments in this concern in both seasons. Chromatography analyses of chia fixed oil revealed the identification of 23 components, the main component was α-linolenic acid (54.96 to 63.23%). The major components were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. It can be concluded that the inoculation with the mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and monoamonium phosphate (MAP) was the best for improving growth, seeds yield, fixed oil productivity, chemical compositions and fixed oil constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant.

Influence of Some Biostimulants and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth, Seed Yield, Chemical Constituents, Oil Productivity and Fixed Oil Content of Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) Plant Under Aswan Conditions

“…(Buee et al, 2000;Lohse et al, 2005). Similar results of mycorrhizal fungi were obtained by Moghith et al, (2021) on (Salvia hispanica L.) plants. Mohamed (2020) on Dutch fennel.…”

“…The majors components of chia oil was stated by various studies like Ayerza and Coates (2005) found that the major component were α-linolenic (63.2%), linoleic (18%), oleic (3.4%), palmitic (7.25%) and stearic (3.4%); Segura-Campos et al (2014) stated that chia oil contains αlinolenic (68.52%), linoleic (20.40%), oleic (2.43%), palmitic (7.74%) and stearic (0.29%) and Silva et al (2016) studied quantification of fatty acids in the chia seed oils obtained with different solvents and stated that α-linolenic arranged (61.48 -62.92%), linoleic (18.10 -19.76%), oleic (6.9 -6.87%), palmitic (9.13 -9.95) and stearic (2.92 -2.99%). Moghith et al (2021) declared that the main components were αlinolenic acid (54.96 to 63.23%) linoleic acid (15.82 to 21.36), oleic acid (6.19 to 15.86%) and palmitic acid (6.30 to 8.15%). Mohamed and Ghatas (2020) on chia declared that the main component was α-linolenic acid (37.28 to 39.72%).…”

“…Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can act as a biofertilizer, increase plant uptake of immobile phosphate ions from root and enhance plant yield, as well as N, P, K, Mg and some micronutrients leading to stimulating growth (Van der Heijden et al, 2008;Smith et al, 2011 andVeresoglou et al, 2011). Hence, Moghith et al (2021) declared that plants inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi score the highest significant increases of all vegetative growth and seed yield characteristics as compared of uninoculated plants (control) of (Salvia hispanica L.) plants.…”

Physiological effects of organic and bio fertilizers on borage (Borago officinalis L.) plants

“…Moreover, the application of the triple combined treatments (Az + B.c + AM) proved to be more effective in elevating fixed oil % as reached 8.5 and 8.5% over untreated plants, during the two successive seasons, respectively. The primitive influence of Azotobacter chroococcum on fixed oil was also obtained on by El-Houssini (2009) on borage; Hamad (2007) on guar; by Mohamed et al (2020), Abd El-moneim (2023 on Nigella sativa concerning Bacillus circulans and on sunflower (Abdallah et al, 2013), on flax Dawood et al (2019), Abou El-Ghait et al (2021, Moghith (2021) on chia regarding mycorrhiza. It worthy mention that the interaction between the two studied factors on fixed oil % of borage had significant effect, during the two seasons (Table 6).…”