“…Existing research on grassland birds has been heavily biased toward breeding season abundance/occupancy and nesting success ( Muller et al 2021 ). Only a handful of studies have been conducted on aspects of grassland bird wintering ecology including work on survival ( Thatcher et al 2006 ;Macías-Duarte et al 2017 ;Pérez-Ordoñez et al 2022 ), habitat use ( Marx et al 2008 ;Macías-Duarte et al 2009 ;Macías-Duarte and Panjabi 2013 ;Muller et al 2018 ;Alfaro et al 2019 ;Strasser et al 2019 ;Franco et al 2022 ), and diet ( Renfrew et al 2017 ;Titulaer et al 2017Titulaer et al , 2018Olalla-Kerstupp et al 2020 ;Guerrero et al 2022 ). Further, most existing studies on the topic have been conducted on mixed-grass prairie songbirds, leaving many species virtually unstudied during this period.…”