Effect of anisotropy on bit error rate for an asymmetrical Gaussian beam in a turbulent ocean

Ata, Yalçın; Baykal, Yahya

doi:10.1364/ao.57.002258

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although some portion of Hill's Model 1 is verified by the experimental data, the spectrum of Nikishov and Nikishov [28] has not yet been verified underwater [29]. In general, however, anisotropy in turbulence occurs quite frequently and reduces the scintillation and consequently affects the OWC system performance underwater in a positive manner [30][31][32]. Therefore, it is worth analysing the effects of anisotropy on OWC systems operating in strong oceanic turbulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anisotropy on performance of M-ary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity-modulated optical wireless communication links operating in strong oceanic turbulence

2020

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In strong oceanic turbulence, the performance of M-ary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity-modulated optical wireless communication (OWC) links is investigated in terms of the bit-error-rate (BER) by considering the effect of anisotropy of the oceanic channel. To calculate the BER of the OWC link, a gamma-gamma statistical channel model is adopted. The extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the asymptotic Rytov theory are used to obtain the received optical power and the large-scale and small-scale log-intensity variances, respectively. Our graphical illustrations include the BER versus anisotropic factor for various system parameters such as the modulation order, filter bandwidth, link distance, peak amplitude of each subcarrier and the oceanic turbulence parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anisotropy on performance of M-ary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity-modulated optical wireless communication links operating in strong oceanic turbulence

2020

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“…The effect of anisotropic oceanic turbulence on the intensity fluctuations was discussed by Baykal [15,16]. Thereafter, the effect of anisotropic turbulence on the average bit error rate (BER) was further investigated when an asymmetrical Gaussian beam propagates in anisotropic turbulence [17]. The BER decreased in response to increased anisotropy levels in various directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scintillation Index for Spherical Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Weak Oceanic Turbulence with Aperture Averaging under the Effect of Inner Scale and Outer Scale

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Photonics

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Due to the advantages of high transmission rate, lower power consumption, high security, etc., underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has been widely studied and considered as a potential technique for underwater communication. However, its performance is severely degraded by oceanic turbulence due to refractive index fluctuations, which is caused by the change of inhomogeneous ocean environment. Within our derived spatial power spectrum model under anisotropic oceanic turbulence, we conducted a detailed investigation for a spherical wave propagating in weak anisotropic turbulence in this paper. Based on the derived oceanic spectrum, we proposed a scintillation index model for spherical wave in anisotropic oceanic turbulence considering the aperture averaging effect at non-zero inner scale and limited outer scale. Besides, we analyze the aperture averaging scintillation index under the influence of channel parameters such as inner and outer scales. Simulation results reveal that the scintillation index increases with the increase of the outer scale, while the inner scale induces an opposite trend on the scintillation index. Moreover, the inner scale exhibits a larger impact than the outer scale on the UWOC system over weak oceanic turbulence.

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“…Many studies have shown that the atmospheric turbulence [19,[29][30][31] as well as the underwater [32,33] are anisotropic. Recently, many papers have been published about the effects of anisotropic underwater turbulence on the optical communication systems [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of anisotropy of convective optical underwater turbulence and the effect of the mean water temperature in the presence of a varying temperature gradient on it

Razi¹,

Shokoohi²,

Rasouli³

2022

Laser Phys.

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In this paper, the anisotropy of optical convective underwater turbulence is investigated in terms of the variance of angle of arrival (AOA) fluctuations of a narrow laser beam propagating through it in different sections of the medium. The collimated laser beam with a wavelength 532 nm and a diameter 1 cm, which passes through a convective underwater turbulence. The turbulence is generated in a water tank with dimensions of 20 cm × 36 cm × 20 cm, which is installed on a flat surface electrical heater. During the experiments, the mean water temperature (MWT) can be changed from room temperature to 34 ∘C by increasing the heater temperature. The use of the heater also generates a temperature gradient in the medium. The laser beam propagates along a horizontal path with a length of 20 cm inside the tank at different altitudes from the heater source, as well as at different distances from one of the side walls of the turbulent medium. After passing the laser beam through the turbulent medium, the fluctuations of the AOA components in the vertical and horizontal directions are measured. From the time series of the measured AOA fluctuations, their variances are determined. The anisotropy of the medium is investigated by comparing the variance of AOA components measured in the vertical and horizontal directions. We show that the variances of both of vertical and horizontal components of the AOA fluctuations are increased with the MWT, and they are saturated at higher MWTs. In addition, different anisotropic behaviors are observed for the variances of the measured AOA fluctuations at the vicinity of the lateral wall and upper surface of the water. At the vicinity of the lateral wall the variances of the AOA fluctuations in the horizontal component are larger, but at the vicinity of the upper surface the variances of the AOA fluctuations in the vertical component are dominant. This behavior may be caused by the change of the convection motion direction in the turbulent fluid.

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Effect of anisotropy on bit error rate for an asymmetrical Gaussian beam in a turbulent ocean

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of anisotropy on performance of M-ary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity-modulated optical wireless communication links operating in strong oceanic turbulence

Effect of anisotropy on performance of M-ary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity-modulated optical wireless communication links operating in strong oceanic turbulence

Scintillation Index for Spherical Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Weak Oceanic Turbulence with Aperture Averaging under the Effect of Inner Scale and Outer Scale

Study of anisotropy of convective optical underwater turbulence and the effect of the mean water temperature in the presence of a varying temperature gradient on it

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