Scintillation Index for Spherical Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Weak Oceanic Turbulence with Aperture Averaging under the Effect of Inner Scale and Outer Scale

Abstract

Due to the advantages of high transmission rate, lower power consumption, high security, etc., underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has been widely studied and considered as a potential technique for underwater communication. However, its performance is severely degraded by oceanic turbulence due to refractive index fluctuations, which is caused by the change of inhomogeneous ocean environment. Within our derived spatial power spectrum model under anisotropic oceanic turbulence, we conducted a detailed investigation for a spherical wave propagating in weak anisotropic turbulence in this paper. Based on the derived oceanic spectrum, we proposed a scintillation index model for spherical wave in anisotropic oceanic turbulence considering the aperture averaging effect at non-zero inner scale and limited outer scale. Besides, we analyze the aperture averaging scintillation index under the influence of channel parameters such as inner and outer scales. Simulation results reveal that the scintillation index increases with the increase of the outer scale, while the inner scale induces an opposite trend on the scintillation index. Moreover, the inner scale exhibits a larger impact than the outer scale on the UWOC system over weak oceanic turbulence.

Scintillation of Computational Ghost Imaging with a Finite Bucket Detector through Atmospheric Turbulence

“…For example, the scintillation properties of a pseudo-partially coherent beam (PPCB) propagating through turbulent atmosphere by using numerical simulation is investigated [27]. The scintillation index of various beam models in the atmosphere is also studied, such as elliptical Gaussian beam, flat-topped beam and so on [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Until now, the scintillation effect of CGI has not been investigated concerning turbulent atmosphere.…”

On Performance Analysis of Cooperative Horizontal and Vertical Underwater VLC Systems with Best Relay Selection

“…However, the UWVLC system suffers from turbulence and path loss. Underwater optical turbulence occurs due to the change in the refractive index of water [10,11]. The fluctuations in the refractive index are associated with changes in the temperature, salinity, and pressure [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Error Characterization of Differential Detection and Non-Differential Detection for MIMO UWOC Systems in Seawater Turbulent Channels

“…The development of devices, such as marine environmental monitors, underwater highresolution imaging systems, and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), has increased the need for real-time communication and high-capacity data transmission between underwater end devices [2]. Space laser communication is gradually becoming the main way to solve the problem of underwater high-capacity data transmission because of its strong anti-interference capability [3], high transmission capacity [4], high rate [5], and fast deployment [6]. However, the reasons affecting the development of UWOC are the scattering and absorption of light by seawater and ocean turbulence, where ocean turbulence subject to changes in salinity, temperature, and seawater density is the main factor affecting beam propagation [7]; turbulence especially causes scintillation effects, resulting in the received light energy showing violent jitter, which will seriously degrade the performance of UWOC systems [8].…”