Effect of an acute dose of omega-3 fish oil following exercise-induced muscle damage

Abstract

Effect of an acute dose of omega-3 fish oil following exercise-induced muscle damageAbstract Purpose: The purpose of this double blind, placebo controlled study was to examine the effect of two fish oil supplements, one high in EPA (750mg EPA, 50mg DHA and one low in EPA (150mg EPA, 100mg DHA), taken acutely as a recovery strategy following EIMD.Methods: Twenty-seven physically active males (26 ± 4 yr, 1.77 ± 0.07 m, 80 ± 10 kg) completed 100 plyometric drop jumps to induce muscle damage. Perceptual (perceived soreness) and functional (isokinetic muscle strength at 60 0 and 180 0 ·s -1 , squat jump performance and countermovement jump performance) indices of EIMD were recorded before, and 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96h after the damaging protocol. Immediately after the damaging protocol, volunteers ingested either a placebo (Con), a low EPA fish oil (Low EPA) or a high EPA fish oil (High EPA) at a dose of 1g per 10kg body mass.Results: A significant group main effect was observed for squat jump, with the High EPA group performing better than Con and Low EPA groups (average performance decrement, 2.1%, 8.3%and 9.8%, respectively), and similar findings were observed for countermovement jump performance, (average performance decrement, 1.7%, 6.8% and 6.8%, respectively, p = 0.07).Significant Time, but no interaction main effects were observed for all functional and perceptual indices measured, although large effects sizes demonstrate a possible ameliorating effect of high dose of EPA fish supplementation (effect sizes ≥ 0.14). Conclusion

Supplementation with fish oil reduces morphological aspects of muscle damage induced by intense exercise in rats

“…Cytokines can trigger release of acute phase proteins and inflammatory mediators, such as leukotriene and prostaglandin. In a recent study with male subjects, Jakeman et al [37] have shown that acute ingestion of fish oil may inhibit elevation of serum cytokines and markers of muscle damage after jumping exercises. Muscle recovery after exercise influences training adaptations.…”

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation for Reducing Muscle Soreness after Eccentric Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Both Phillips et al [66] and Tsuchiya et al [68] reported that serum IL-6 reached the peak at 3 d postexercise. Four out of 7 studies found a significant decrement in the n-3 PUFA groups compared to the placebo groups [58,[66][67][68], while others exhibited no differences [61,62] or even an upregulated IL-6 level [60].…”

“…After screening the titles and abstracts of the remaining 31 citations, 15 studies were selected and retrieved for full-text assessment based on the predetermined inclusion criteria, among which 3 were excluded with reasons, 2 were unrelated, and 1 contained duplicate data. Finally, a total of 12 RCTs [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] were considered eligible for inclusion and went into qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The literature screening process is presented in Figure 1.…”

“…All the studies selected in our study reported the suggested randomization, while only two studies reported the generation of random sequences. Details about allocation concealment were adequately provided by Jakeman et al [61], whereas the other studies failed to report the procedure of allocation concealment. Although all the studies used placebo capsules that were identical with the n-3 PUFA capsules in appearance, only two studies [59,61] provided sufficient information about the blinding of participants and personnel and the blinding of outcome assessment.…”

“…Details about allocation concealment were adequately provided by Jakeman et al [61], whereas the other studies failed to report the procedure of allocation concealment. Although all the studies used placebo capsules that were identical with the n-3 PUFA capsules in appearance, only two studies [59,61] provided sufficient information about the blinding of participants and personnel and the blinding of outcome assessment. Only four studies [57,58,64,66] reported adverse events that happened during the follow-up period, so the remaining eight studies were judged to have high risk of bias in terms of incomplete outcome data.…”