“…For the tensile test result as shown in Figure 1(d), the SZ exhibited excellent ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation of 608 MPa and 49%, respectively, which was significantly optimised compared with that of the fusion welded, traditional FSW and severe plastic deformed Invar 36 alloy, and it seems has a good strength-ductility balance as similar as equal channel angular processed ones. Figure 1 (a) Surface appearance and (b) cross-sectional overview of the welded joint, (c) hardness profile measured across the weld mid-thickness, (d) relationship between uniform elongation and strength of Invar 36 alloy prepared by several processing methods [1-9, 15-18]. ‘AS’ and ‘RS’ in (b) mean advancing side and retreating side of the weld, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(a) Surface appearance and (b) cross-sectional overview of the welded joint, (c) hardness profile measured across the weld mid-thickness, (d) relationship between uniform elongation and strength of Invar 36 alloy prepared by several processing methods [1-9, 15-18]. ‘AS’ and ‘RS’ in (b) mean advancing side and retreating side of the weld, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Traditional fusion welding methods are used for the joining of Invar 36 alloy, however, hot cracking usually generated due to the high thermal effect during the solidification [1, 2]. Although the addition of Ti, Mn and Mo elements in the filler metal can reduce the hot cracking sensibility of the weld [3], but obviously increase its TEC of the welds [4]. Friction stir welding (FSW), as a solid state joining technology, was invented by The Welding Institute of the United Kingdom in 1991, with the purpose of joining Al alloys [5].…”
A novel approach named large-load and low-speed friction stir welding was developed to joining Invar36 alloy. The stir zone was characterised by a mean grain size of 0.7 µm and high angle boundaries of 90.7%. Abundant twin boundaries were produced in the grains as well. The grain refinement mechanism is attributed to the combination of discontinuous dynamic recrystallisation and microshear-bands-assisted dynamic recrystallisation. A good combination of strength and ductility was achieved. This work provides a new insight for joining face-centred cubic metals or alloys with higher melting points, such as austenite stainless steel and Ni-base alloys.
“…For the tensile test result as shown in Figure 1(d), the SZ exhibited excellent ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation of 608 MPa and 49%, respectively, which was significantly optimised compared with that of the fusion welded, traditional FSW and severe plastic deformed Invar 36 alloy, and it seems has a good strength-ductility balance as similar as equal channel angular processed ones. Figure 1 (a) Surface appearance and (b) cross-sectional overview of the welded joint, (c) hardness profile measured across the weld mid-thickness, (d) relationship between uniform elongation and strength of Invar 36 alloy prepared by several processing methods [1-9, 15-18]. ‘AS’ and ‘RS’ in (b) mean advancing side and retreating side of the weld, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(a) Surface appearance and (b) cross-sectional overview of the welded joint, (c) hardness profile measured across the weld mid-thickness, (d) relationship between uniform elongation and strength of Invar 36 alloy prepared by several processing methods [1-9, 15-18]. ‘AS’ and ‘RS’ in (b) mean advancing side and retreating side of the weld, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Traditional fusion welding methods are used for the joining of Invar 36 alloy, however, hot cracking usually generated due to the high thermal effect during the solidification [1, 2]. Although the addition of Ti, Mn and Mo elements in the filler metal can reduce the hot cracking sensibility of the weld [3], but obviously increase its TEC of the welds [4]. Friction stir welding (FSW), as a solid state joining technology, was invented by The Welding Institute of the United Kingdom in 1991, with the purpose of joining Al alloys [5].…”
A novel approach named large-load and low-speed friction stir welding was developed to joining Invar36 alloy. The stir zone was characterised by a mean grain size of 0.7 µm and high angle boundaries of 90.7%. Abundant twin boundaries were produced in the grains as well. The grain refinement mechanism is attributed to the combination of discontinuous dynamic recrystallisation and microshear-bands-assisted dynamic recrystallisation. A good combination of strength and ductility was achieved. This work provides a new insight for joining face-centred cubic metals or alloys with higher melting points, such as austenite stainless steel and Ni-base alloys.
“…5, 6 Although the cracks could be suppressed by adding the elements of Ti, Mn and C, 7 new problems are introduced on the CTE mismatch between the weld and the BM. 8 Witherell used a kind of filler metal that contains 36Ni–3Mn–1Ti–0·1C to join Invar alloy with a thickness of <3 mm by TIG welding and gained a balance between the CTE and solidification crack resistance. 9 Nowadays, friction stir welding (FSW) has been used to join Invar alloy.…”
Laser and laser-arc hybrid welding are employed to join Invar 36 alloy. The microstructure, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and mechanical properties of laser weld (LW) and hybrid weld (HW) are analysed and compared. The tensile test shows both LW and HW fractured in the weld metal, but the HW is stronger than the LW. Especially, the yield strength of HW is 362?8 MPa, 16?2% higher than that of LW. Both the CTE and Curie temperature of LW are almost the same with those of base material. The CTE of HW is higher than that of base material because the Ni content reduces and the content of other alloying elements increases. Moreover, the CTE of HW deviates from the theoretic curves of Fe-Ni alloy apparently. According to the theory of Invar effect, the deviation is attributed to the formation of new phase, FeCr 0?29 Ni 0?16 C 0?06 .
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