“…In the field of aerospace, mineral processing, anti-ballistic applications, bio-materials, fire retardants, defense applications, nuclear reactors, chemical plants, etc., FGMs have become significant. FGMs are manufactured by different methods like layer remelting, chemical vapor deposition, powder metallurgy, welding, rapid prototyping, functionally graded coating, centrifugal methods, shape deposition manufacturing, laser engineered net shaping, electron beam selective manufacturing, directed energy deposition, and wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) [7,8]. A few examples of FGM are the SS321/IN 625 FGM fabricated by Mohan et al for aerospace application by the WAAM technique [9] and Inconel 718/SS 316L FGM, successfully printed by Sang Hoon Kim et al via DED, the chemical composition of the FGM being varied in steps of 10 wt% for the two materials across their build [10,11].…”